Høyesterett

Se også Norges Høyesterett
Colombias høyesterett
Floridas høyesterett
Iowas høyesterett

En høyesterett er en domstol som dømmer i siste instans i et selvstendig rettssystem, som en stat, delstat eller lignende. Høyesterett i en jurisdiksjon dømmer gjerne primært saker av prinsipiell betydning, og på denne måten dannes presendens som lavere domstoler følger.

I Storbritannia var høyesterett, av historiske årsaker, en komité av Overhuset inntil en egen høyesterett begynte sitt virke i oktober 2009.[1]

I Tyskland er funksjonen som føderal høyesterett delt, ved at de har en egen føderal grunnlovsdomstol (Bundesverfassungsgericht) og ytterligere fem likestilte føderale høyesteretter i ikke-konstitusjonelle saker, nemlig Bundesgerichtshof, Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Bundessozialgericht, Bundesfinanzhof og Bundesarbeitsgericht. Muligheten for at de likestilte domstoler kan komme til avgjørelser med motstridende innhold er løst ved opprettelsen av et fellesorgan (Gemeinsamer Senat der obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes).

På grunn av internasjonale traktater og medlemskap i internasjonale organisasjoner er det blitt mindre entydig hvilke domstoler som har funksjon av høyesterett i europeiske stater.[trenger referanse] For eksempel føyer Norge seg etter rettsavgjørelser i Den europeiske menneskerettsdomstol (i henhold til Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjon, EMK) selv om Høyesterett har kommet til motsatt utfall innen det norske rettssystemet. EF-domstolen i Luxemburg har siden 1964 (saken Costa mot ENEL) lansert en doktrine om at den er overordnet de enkelte medlemslands respektive høyesteretter innenfor EF-rettens område.[trenger referanse]

Motsigelsen om hvordan en høyesterett kan være underlagt en utenlandsk retts jurisdiksjon er forsøkt løst innenfor juridisk teori med prinsippene om rettsmonisme og rettsdualisme.[trenger referanse]

Eksempler på høyesteretter

Referanser

  1. ^ Court, The Supreme. «History - The Supreme Court». www.supremecourt.uk. Arkivert fra originalen 7. april 2020. Besøkt 7. januar 2020. 

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