Gamlebyen (Jerusalem)

Gamlebyen i Jerusalem og dens murer
   UNESCOs verdensarv   
LandIngen nevnt av UNESCO[1]
StedJerusalem
Innskrevet1981
Kriterium II, III, VI
Se ogsåVerdensarvsteder i Asia
ReferanseUNESCO nr. 148
Gamlebyen ligger i Israel
Gamlebyen (Jerusalem)
Gamlebyen (Israel)

Gamlebyen (hebraisk: העיר העתיקה; ha'ir ha'atika; arabisk: البلدة القديمة; al-Balda al-Qadimah) er et 0,9 km² stort område i dagens Jerusalem.[2] Frem til 1860-tallet utgjorde området hele byen Jerusalem. Flere severdigheter med stor religiøs og historisk betydning ligger i Gamlebyen: Tempelberget og den tilhørende Vestmuren for jøder, Gravkirken for kristne, og Klippedomen og al-Aqsa-moskéen for muslimer.

Tradisjonelt har Gamlebyen vært delt inn i fire kvarterer, selv om dagens betegnelser ble introdusert først på 1800-tallet.[3] I dag blir Gamlebyen grovt sett delt inn i det muslimske, kristne, jødiske og armenske kvarter.

Det jødiske kvarter ble sterkt ødelagt etter den arabisk-israelske krig 1948, men ble restaurert etter seksdagerskrigen i 1967. Jordan la fram et forslag om at Gamlebyen skulle bli tillagt i UNESCOs verdensarvliste i 1980,[4] og den ble lagt til i 1981.[5] I 1982 kom Jordan med en forespørsel om å få den satt på listen over truede verdensarvsteder.[6]

Historikk

Ifølge Det gamle testamente i Bibelen var byen sterkt befestet allerede i 1000-tallet f.Kr før kong David erobret den. I dag er det antatt at kong Davids by lå sørvest for murene som omgir gamlebyen, utenfor Møkkaporten. Davids sønn, kong Salomo, utvidet bymurene og omkring 440 f.Kr, i den persiske perioden, vendte Nehemja tilbake fra fangenskap i Babylon og bygde dem opp igjen. Fra 41 til 44 bygde romren Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa en ny bymur som kalles Den tredje mur.

Referanser

  1. ^ Anerkjent som en del av Palestinas flagg de palestinske områdene, okkupert/annektert av Israels flagg Israel, tidligere i Jordans flagg Jordan.
  2. ^ Kollek, Teddy (1977). «Afterword». I John Phillips. A Will to Survive - Israel: the Faces of the Terror 1948-the Faces of Hope Today. Dial Press/James Wade. «about 225 acres» 
  3. ^ Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua (1984). Jerusalem in the 19th Century, The Old City. Yad Izhak Ben Zvi & St. Martin's Press. s. 14. ISBN 0312441878. 
  4. ^ Advisory Body Evaluation (PDF file)
  5. ^ Report of the 1st Extraordinary Session of the World Heritage Committee
  6. ^ Justification for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger, 1982: Report of the 6th Session of the World Heritage Committee

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