Den kinesisk-sovjetiske grensekonflikten

Den kinesisk-sovjetiske grensekonflikten

Kart over området
Dato2. mars - 11. september 1969
StedGrensen mellom Sovjetunionen og Kina
ResultatStatus quo ante bellum
Stridende parter
Kinas flagg Folkerepublikken KinaSovjetunionens flagg Sovjetunionen
Kommandanter og ledere
Kinas flagg Mao ZedongSovjetunionens flagg Leonid Bresjnev
Styrker
814 000658 000
Tap
800 drept[1]59 drept
94 sårede[2]

Den kinesisk-sovjetiske grensekonflikten (中苏边界冲突) var en syv-måneders uerklært krig i 1969 mellom Sovjetunionen og Folkerepublikken Kina. Konflikten markerer bunnpunktet i forholdet mellom Sovjetunionen og Kina og var en del av det kinesisk-sovjetiske bruddet.[3]

Den mest alvorlige hendelsen under disse sammenstøtene på grensen skjedde i mars 1969, i området ved Zhenbao-øya (珍宝岛) i Ussuri-elven, også kjent som Damanskii-øya (Остров Даманский) i Russland. Kinesiske historikere refererer vanligvis til denne hendelsen som hendelsen ved Zhenbao-øya (珍宝岛自卫反击战) [4]

Grensekonflikten ble senere løst gjennom ulike grenseavtaler hvor grensen ble presisert og markert.

Bruddet mellom landene førte til en økning av den militære tilstedeværelsen på begge sidene av grensen i Det fjerne østen. 2. mars 1969 utløste kinesiske tropper konflikten.[5] Både Sovjetunionen og Kina tok grep for å hindre at konflikten fikk eskalere. Konflikten kan sees på som foranledningen til at kineserne søkte en tilnærming til USA, eller som et uttrykk for et slikt ønske.[6][7] Bresjnev forsøkte å presse kineserne ved å tilnærme seg USAs allierte og verdens nest største økonomi, Japan. Japanerne ble tilbudt kontrakter i Det fjerne østen og Sibir, mens sovjeterne kunne forsyne Japan med råvarer som olje og tømmer. USA rakk å pleie sitt bånd med Kina, som raskt ble en global aktør, før Bresjnev fikk utrettet noe overfor Japan. Disputten med Japan om Kurilene ble også utslagsgivende.[8]

Referanser

  1. ^ John Baylis et al. Contemporary Strategy: Vol. 2, The Nuclear Powers. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1987, s. 89.
  2. ^ (ru) D. S. Ryabushkin, Мифы Даманского. Moscow: АСТ, 2004, pp. 151, 263-264.
  3. ^ Kuisong, Yang (2000). «The Sino-Soviet Border Clash of 1969: From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement». Cold War History (på engelsk) (1): 21–52. 
  4. ^ (zh) People.com.cn. «People.com.cn Arkivert 14. mars 2017 hos Wayback Machine.», 1969年珍宝岛自卫反击战. besøkt 16. juni 2014.
  5. ^ Kornberg, Judith og Faust, John (2005). China in World Politics. Policies, Processes, Prospects (på engelsk) (2 utg.). University of British Columbia Press. s. 104. ISBN 978-1-5882-6248-6. 
  6. ^ Kuisong, Yang (2000). «The Sino-Soviet Border Clash of 1969: From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement». Cold War History (på engelsk) (1): 21–52. 
  7. ^ Goldstein, Lyle J. (2001). «Return to Zhenbao Island: Who Started Shooting and Why it Matters». The China Quarterly (på engelsk) (168): 985–997. 
  8. ^ Zubok, Vladislav (2008). «The Soviet Union and détente of the 1970s». Cold War History (på engelsk) (4): 427–447. 

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