Den britiske bølgen

Den britiske bølgen (the British Invasion) var et fenomen i USA omkring 1964 der britisk rockemusikk stod i fokus.[1]

The Beatles var det første britiske bandet som erobret Amerika. Britiske managere, særlig Brian Epstein, smidde mens jernet var varmt og sendte over blant andre The Dave Clark Five, Gerry & The Pacemakers, Freddie And The Dreamers, The Rolling Stones, The Animals, The Zombies, Cilla Black og The Hollies. På 70- og 90-tallet kom to nye bølger med britisk musikk, henholdsvis punk og britpop.

Bakgrunn

Det er flere teorier om hvorfor USA var så klare for å motta ekstern musikalsk innflytelse. Delvis kunne det skyldes at de måtte komme over sjokket etter mordet på John F. Kennedy, delvis var amerikansk musikk på tidlig 1960-tall lite fengende og delvis kan det skyldes at den nøye planlagte turneen til The Beatles skapte stor interesse blant amerikansk ungdom.[2]

Mens amerikansk rock, eller det som var igjen av den, hadde mistet oppmerksomheten til mange unge som satset på jazz og det som skulle bli folkrock, var rock and roll svært populært i Storbritannia.[3] I begynnelsen var det særlig Elvis-imitatorer som Cliff Richard, Marty Wilde og Adam Faith som dominerte. Det eksisterte imidlertid også annen musikk, som instrumentalgruppen The Shadows og rockegruppen Johnny Kidd & the Pirates.

Det var imidlertid først skiffle, en erkeengelsk avart av tradisjonell jazz med billige instrumenter, som fikk mange interessert i musikk.[2] Flere band, det fremtidige The Beatles inkludert, begynte med skiffle og gled så over til rock. I USA skjedde det motsatte Jerry Lee Lewis klaget på at på radio var det bare Bobby-er. Han referete særlig til Bobby Vee, Bobby Vinton og Bobby Darin, tre sangere som slo seg opp på popsanger uten hint av rock.[4]

Utvikling

Det var The Beatles som satte igang den britiske bølgen.[5] Etter deres opptreden på The Ed Sullivan Show og konsertene som fulgte, ble britisk musikk etterspurt som aldri før. Det var imidlertid ikke bare dem og deres likesinnede, i den grad The Beatles hadde noen, men en stor variasjon av musikk som kom de første to årene av bølgen: Petulia Clarks symfoniske pop, Dusty Springfields soul-aktige sang, The Yardbirds og The Animals var tungt blues-basert rock og Chad and Jeremy representerte enkel visesang.[6]

Referanser

  1. ^ Blokhus, Yngve; Molde, Audun (1996): Wow!: populærmusikkens historie. Oslo: Universitetsforl. ISBN 8200227472 (h.), s. 177.
  2. ^ a b The British Invasion: From the Beatles to the Stones, The Sixties Belonged to Britain - Rolling Stone, 14. juli 1988, hentet 17. november 2015
  3. ^ The British Invasion - Survey of American Popular Music
  4. ^ A Very British Invasion: The Beatles in America - Warwick
  5. ^ The British Invasion - Allmusic.com
  6. ^ The British Invasion - Vanity Fair, november 2002

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