Carl Wieman

Carl Edwin Wieman
Født26. mars 1951[1][2][3]Rediger på Wikidata (73 år)
Corvallis, Oregon
BeskjeftigelseFysiker
Utdannet vedStanford University (–1977) (akademisk grad: ph.d., studieretning: fysikk)[4]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (–1973) (akademisk grad: Bachelor of Science, studieretning: fysikk)[4]
Corvallis High School
Doktorgrads-
veileder		Theodor W. Hänsch
NasjonalitetAmerikansk
Medlem avNational Academy of Sciences (1995–) (Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American Physical Society[5]
UtmerkelserLorentzmedaljen (1998)
Nobelprisen i fysikk (2001)
ArbeidsstedUniversity of British Columbia
University of Colorado
OmrådeFysikk
FagfeltFysikk, vitenskapelig utdannelse[6]
Kjent forBose-Einstein-kondensasjon
Carl Wieman på Commons
Nobelprisen i fysikk
2001

Carl Edwin Wieman (født 26. mars 1951 i Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon) er en amerikansk fysiker.

Wieman ble tildelt Nobelprisen i fysikk i 2001, sammen med tyskeren Wolfgang Ketterle og landsmannen Eric Allin Cornell, for oppnåelsen av Bose-Einstein-kondensasjon i fortynnede gasser av alkaliatomer og for tidlige fundamentale studier av egenskapene til kondensater.

I 1924 gjorde den indiske fysikeren Bose viktige teoretiske beregninger på lyspartikler. Han sendte resultatene til Einstein, som utvidet teorien til en viss type atomer. Einstein forutså at dersom man kjøler ned en gass av slike atomer ved svært lave temperaturer, ville alle atomene plutselig samles i lavest mulig energitilstand. Prosessen ligner den når væskedråper dannes fra en gass, og kalles derfor kondensasjon (Bose-Einstein-kondensasjon).

Først i 1995 lyktes Cornell og hans medarbeidere å oppnå denne ekstreme materietilstanden. Cornell og Wiemann fikk deretter frem et rent kondensat på rundt 2 000 rubidiumatomer ved 20–nK (nanokelvin), dvs 0,000 000 02 grader over det absolutte nullpunkt.

Uavhengig av Cornell og Wiemans arbeid, gjorde Ketterle tilsvarende eksperimenter på natriumatomer. Kondensatet som han lykkes i å fremstille inneholdt mer atomer og kunne derfor brukes til å undersøke fenomenet nærmere. Ved hjelp av to separate kondensatorer, som fikk ekspandere inn i hverandre, kunne man få frem svært tydelige interferensmønster. Dette eksperimentet viste altså at kondensaten inneholdt helt koordinerte atomer.

Wieman tok doktorgrad i fysikk ved Stanford University i 1997, og er professor i fysikk ved University of Colorado.

Referanser

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Online, oppført som Carl E. Wieman, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID biography/Carl-Wieman, besøkt 9. oktober 2017[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  2. ^ Munzinger Personen, oppført som Carl E. Wieman, Munzinger IBA 00000023932, besøkt 9. oktober 2017[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  3. ^ Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, oppført som Carl Edwin Wieman, Brockhaus Online-Enzyklopädie-id wieman-carl-edwin, besøkt 9. oktober 2017[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  4. ^ a b profiles.stanford.edu[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  5. ^ Notable Names Database[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  6. ^ https://profiles.stanford.edu/carl-wieman.

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