Muharraq by

Muharraq by
مدينة المحرق
by
Muharraq med Manama i bakgrunnen
Land  Bahrain
guvernement Al Muharraq guvernement
Koordinatar 26°15′N 50°37′E / 26.250°N 50.617°E / 26.250; 50.617
Folketal 176 583  (2012)[2]
Folketettleik 32,9 / km²
Kart
Muharraq by
26°15′00″N 50°37′00″E / 26.25°N 50.616666666667°E / 26.25; 50.616666666667
Kart som viser Muharraq by.
Kart som viser Muharraq by.
Kart som viser Muharraq by.
Wikimedia Commons: Muharraq Island

Muharraq (arabisk المحرق) er den tredje største byen i Bahrain og tente som hovudstad i landet fram til 1923, då han vart erstatta med Manama.[1][2]

Byen ligg på Muharraq og har lenge vore eit religiøst senter. Bahrain internasjonale lufthamn ligg òg på øya. Like ved Muharraq ligg dei kunstige Amwajøyane, kjend for store bygg, hotell og strender. Fotballaget i byen er Muharraq Club, som er den mest sukessrike fotballklubben i Bahrain. Byen er òg kjend for sin souq.

Historie

Muharraq har eit opphav som strekkjer seg attende til antikken, då han vart kalla Arwad. Det er funne spor her etter Dilmun-sivilisasjonen for kring 5 000 år sidan, men vart viktig i historisk tid under Tylos då Bahrain vart underlagd selevkidane, og Muharraq vart eit senter for ein heidensk kult dedisert til haiguden Awal. Innbyggjarane i byen, som livnærte seg av sjøfart og handel, dyrka Awal i form av ein stor statue av ein hai i byen.

På 400-talet evt. var Muharraq eit stort senter for nestorianistisk kristendom, som kom til å dominere sørkysten av Persiabukta. Som ei sekt vart nestorianarane ofte forfølgd som kjettarar av Austromarriket, men Bahrain var utafor kontrollen til dette riket og var derfor ein trygg stad. Namnet på fleire av landsbyane på Muharraq reflekterer denne gamle kristne arva, og Al-Dair tyder «klosteret» og Qalali tyder «munkeklosteret».

Byen vart erobra av portugisarane (1521) og persarane (1602), før Al-Muḥarraq kom inn under Āl Khalīfah-dynastiet i 1783 med resten av Bahrain.[3]

Økonomi

Gulf Air har hovudkvarteret sitt i Muharraq,[4] og Bahrain Air hadde tidlegare hovudkvarteret sitt her.[5][6]

Sjå òg

Kjelder

  1. ↑ «Al Khalifa." Al Khalifa. Henta 24. desember 2011.
  2. ↑ "[1] Arkivert 2012-05-13 ved Wayback Machine.." Ibn Utub. Henta 24. desember 2011.
  3. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica: Al-Muḥarraq.
  4. ↑ Summers, Mark. «'It's business as usual' at Gulf Air[daud lenkje].» Gulf Daily News. Wednesday 25. juli 2007. Henta 24. september 2009.
  5. ↑ "Contact Us." Bahrain Air. Henta 22. juni 2010.
  6. ↑ "HQ Map." (image) Bahrain Air. Henta 22. juni 2010.

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