Politik Singapura

Politik Singapura
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sunting

Singapura ialah sebuah republik berparlimen yang mengamalkan parlimen ekadewan berlandaskan sistem Westminster, yang mewakili pelbagai kawasan pemilihan. Perlembagaan Singapura menetapkan demokrasi berperwakilan sebagai sistem politik negara[1]. Parti Tindakan Rakyat (PETIR atau PAP) berjaya menguasai Parlimen di setiap pilihan raya sejak negara mula memerintah sendiri pada tahun 1959[2].

Sebahagian besar kuasa ekesekutif terletak pada kabinet yang diketuai oleh Perdana Menteri. Jawatan Presiden Singapura yang asalnya berbentuk istiadat, diberi sedikit kuasa veto pada tahun 1991 untuk beberapa keputusan penting seperti penggunaan rizab negara dan pelantikan jawatan kehakiman. Cabang perundangan kerajaan tak lain tak bukan Parlimen[3].

Pilihan raya parlimen di Singapura berlandaskan undian pemenang undi terbanyak untuk kawasan pemilihan perwakilan berkumpulan sejak pindaan Akta Pilihan Raya Parlimen pada tahun 1991[4].

Anggota-anggota Parlimen (MP) terdiri daripada ahli-ahli yang terpilih, tanpa kawasan undi dan dicalon. Majoriti MP ini dipilih menerusi Pilihan Raya Umum berasaskan sistem pemenang undi terbanyak, dan mewakili Kawasan Perwakilan Perseorangan (Single Member Constituencies, SMC) atau Kawasan Undi Perwakilan Berkumpulan (Group Representation Constituencies, GRC)[5].

Singapura tekal menjaga maruahnya di antara negara yang paling kurang amalan rasuah di dunia oleh Transparency International[6][7].

Sungguhpun diwarisi dari penjajahan Inggeris, dan banyak menerapkan unsur-unsur undang-undang am Inggeris, namun undang-undang Singapura nampaknya sudah menyimpang dari tradisi itu sejak merdeka. Misalnya, sistem perbicaraan juri dimansuhkan.

Antara undang-undang dan hukuman Singapura termasuk hukuman dera kehakiman dalam bentuk merotan untuk kesalahan seperti rogol, keganasan, rusuhan, salah guna dadah, perosakan harta awam, dan beberapa kesalahan imigresen[8][9]. Singapura juga mengenakan hukuman mati mandatori untuk pembunuhan darjah pertama dan pengedaran dadah[10]. Amnesty International menganggarkan bahawa Singapura mungkin mencatat “kadar hukuman mati berbanding jumlah penduduk terbesar di dunia”[11]. Pihak kerajaan bertegas bahawa Singapura selaku negara berdaulat berhak untuk menentukan sistem kehakiman sendiri dan mengenakan hukuman yang setimpal seperti yang dirasainya[12].

Lihat juga

Pautan luar

  1. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Singapore". U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Dicapai pada 22 April 2010.
  2. ^ "Country Report: Singapore". Freedom House. Dicapai pada 22 April 2010.
  3. ^ "Parliament of Singapore website". Parliament.gov.sg. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-08. Dicapai pada 23 Ogos 2010.
  4. ^ Parliamentary Elections Act (Cap. 218, 2001 Rev. Ed.)
  5. ^ "Members of Parliament". Parliament.gov.sg. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-08. Dicapai pada 23 Ogos 2010.
  6. ^ "Transparency International – Corruption Perceptions Index 2006". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-06-19. Dicapai pada 22 April 2010.
  7. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2009". Transparency International. 2009. Dicapai pada 1 Jun 2010.
  8. ^ "Judicial caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei". World Corporal Punishment Research. 2008.
  9. ^ Kuntz, Tom (26 Jun 1994). "Ideas & Trends; Beyond Singapore: Corporal Punishment, A to Z". The New York Times.
  10. ^ "Singapore country specific information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. 19 Mac 2010. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2004-12-30. Dicapai pada 2020-07-26.
  11. ^ "Singapore: The death penalty: A hidden toll of executions". Amnesty International USA.
  12. ^ "The Singapore Government's Response To Amnesty International's Report "Singapore – The Death Penalty: A Hidden Toll Of Executions"" (Siaran akhbar). Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore. 30 Januari 2004. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-01-25. Dicapai pada 22 April 2010.

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