Aditjai

Aditjai (skr. आदित्या = IAST: ādityā – 'Aditės palikuonys') – Aditės pagimdytų senovės Indijos Vedų dievų grupė.

Rigvedoje paminėti 6 aditjai – Mitra, Arjamanas, Bhaga, Varuna, Dakša ir Aniša. Kartais aditju vadinamas tik šiai dievų grupei vadovaujantis Varuna, vėliau taip pradėtas vadinti Saulės dievas Aditja. Rigvedoje jiems atskirai skirti 6 himnai. Sykį Aditjams priskiriamas aštuntasis, atmestas Aditės sūnus Martanda (vėliau – Vivasvatas). Atharvavedoje Aditjais vadinami saulė ir mėnuo, taip pat Aditja, Višnus, Indra ir Varuna. Aprašomi kaip spindintys, auksiniai, daugiaakiai, bemiegiai. Jie palaiko 3 dangus ir 3 žemes, visas judančias būtybes, jie saugo visatą, užpildo erdvę, prižiūri ritą.

Mėnesius simbolizuojančių aditjų yra 12. Vyriausiasis jų dievas – Višnus. Įvairiuose šaltiniuose aditjams dar priskiriami Rudra, Pušanas, Tvaštaras, Pardžanjas ir kiti Vedų panteono dievai.[1]

Aditjus iranėnų mitologijoje atitinka Ameša Spenta. Gali būti, kad Aditjai yra senovinio mito apie griausmavaldį, jo žmoną ir 7 septynis sūnus atgarsis.[2]

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Kazimieras Seibutis. Aditjai. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. I (A-Ar). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2001
  2. ↑ Мифы народов мира. Адитьи , В. Н. Топоров – 2-е изд., 1992. Москва: Советская Энциклопедия.
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