시각전신

시각전신, 광전신(Optical telegraph)은 시각적 신호(광통신의 한 형태)를 통해 텍스트 정보를 전달하기 위한 목적으로 방송국, 일반적으로 타워를 나열한 것이다. 이러한 시스템에는 두 가지 주요 유형이 있다. 회전식 표시기 암을 사용하여 표시기가 가리키는 방향에 따라 정보를 전달하는 세마포어 전신과 회전할 수 있는 패널을 사용하여 뒤쪽 하늘에서 오는 빛을 차단하거나 통과시켜 정보를 전달하는 셔터 전신이 있다.

가장 널리 사용되는 시스템은 1792년 프랑스에서 클로드 샤프가 발명한 샤프 전신이었다. 18세기 후반부터 19세기 초반까지 유행했다.[1][2][3] 샤프는 자신이 발명한 메커니즘을 설명하기 위해 "télégraphe"라는 용어를 사용했다. 이것이 영어 단어 "telegraph"의 유래이다.[4] 상단에 신호기 장치가 있는 중계 타워 라인은 8~32km(5~20마일) 간격으로 서로 시야 내에 건설되었다. 각 타워의 운영자는 망원경을 통해 인접한 타워를 관찰하고, 신호기 암이 움직이기 시작하면 메시지를 작성하여 다음 타워로 메시지를 전달했다. 이 시스템은 장거리 메시지 전달에 있어서 포스트 라이더보다 훨씬 빨랐으며, 일단 구축되면 장기 운영 비용도 더 저렴했다. 반세기 후에 수기선은 더 저렴하고 빠르며 더 사적인 전신으로 대체되었다. 중계소 사이의 가시 거리는 지리와 날씨에 의해 제한되었으며, 편리한 섬을 중계소로 사용할 수 없는 한 광전신이 넓은 바다를 건너는 것을 방해했다. 세마포어 시스템의 최신 파생물은 휴대용 플래그로 신호를 보내는 플래그 세마포어이다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ Burns 2004, Chapter 2: Semaphore Signalling
  2. ↑ 〈Telegraph〉. 《Encyclopædia Britannica》 10 6판. 1824. 645–651쪽. 
  3. ↑ David Brewster, 편집. (1832). 〈Telegraph〉. 《The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia》 17. 664–667쪽. 
  4. ↑ Axon, William (1880). “On the History of the word Telegraph”. 《Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester》 19: 183. 2023년 6월 10일에 확인함. 

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