국수주의

국수주의(國粹主義, 영어: Ultranationalism)란 "자민족의 전통, 문화, 역사만이 다른 민족들보다도 월등히 우월하며 다른 나라의 문화와 문물들을 배척하고 파괴하는 것을 무엇보다도 중시하는 극단적인 내셔널리즘" 혹은 더욱 단순하게 "자신의 민족국가에게 극단적으로 헌신하고 희생할 것을 강조"하는 사상을 의미한다.[1][2]

국수주의가 국가적 재탄생에 대한 개념과 결합될 경우 파시즘으로 발전하는 초석이 될 수 있다.[3]

야누슈 부가이스카(Janusz Bugajski)에 따르면 "가장 극단적인 혹은 가장 발달된 형태의 국수주의는 파시즘과 유사하다. 전체주의로 기우는 권위주의 정치를 지지하며, 카리스마있는 지도자와 유기적으로 무정형한 운동형태로 존재하는 당과 민족 사이의 신화적인 "유기적 단결"을 강조한다."[4]

로저 그리핀(Roger Griffin)은 국수주의는 본질적으로 인종차별적이며 "과거의 문화 혹은 역사적으로 위대했던 정치적 시기 혹은 적과 대항해 싸워왔던 고도로 신화화된 서사"를 통해 자신을 정당화 한다고 한다. 이것은 "민족적 우월성과 운명, 퇴행과 비인간성을 정당화 하기 위한 자연 인류학, 유전학 및 우생학의 저속한 형태"[5]로 묘사될 수도 있다.

정당

같이 보기


각주

  1. Ultranationalism Archived 2019년 5월 12일 - 웨이백 머신. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  2. Ultranationalism. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  3. Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.
  4. The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe. EastWest Institute. p.65. Section author - Janusz Bugajski. Book edited by Johnathan P.Stein. Published by M.E. Sharpe. Published in New York in 2000. Retrieved via Google Books.
  5. 《World fascism: a historical encyclopedia》. 2006. 452쪽. 
  6. Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), “Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece”, 《Journal of Political Ideologies》 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, ...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi). 
  7. “Greek elections: landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party”. 《The Guardian》. 2019년 7월 7일. Smaller parties, such as the ultra-nationalist Greek Solution and leftist MeRA25, headed by Yanis Varoufakis, the former finance minister, were targeting younger Greeks. 
  8. Karl Duffek, Johannes Kandel (2003). 《The Challenge of Diversity: European Social Democracy Facing Migration, Integration, and Multiculturalism》. StudienVerlag. 201쪽. ISBN 3706519100. 
  9. “The 1619 Project and the far-right fear of history”. 《Washington Post》. 2019년 8월 20일. A leader of Germany's ultranationalist AfD party in 2017 bemoaned how the country's focus on atoning ... 
  10. “Frankenstein pact puts AfD in coalition”. 《The Times》. 2019년 7월 23일. A married couple have run into trouble for forging the first local pact between Angela Merkel’s party and the ultranationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) in defiance of the chancellor. 
  11. “Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words”. 2013년 2월 21일. 
  12. Katsikas, Stefanos (2011). “Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria”. I.B. Tauris: 64. 
  13. Ford, Peter (2018). “Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform”. 《Christian Science Monitor》. 2018년 12월 17일에 확인함. 
  14. Acha, Beatriz (2019년 1월 6일). “No, no es un partido (neo)fascista”. 《Agenda Pública》. 2019년 7월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 8월 25일에 확인함. 
  15. Antón-Mellón, Joan (2019년 4월 29일). “Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal”. 《Agenda Pública》. 2019년 5월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 8월 25일에 확인함. 
  16. “Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.”. 《New York Times》. 2016년 12월 17일. 
  17. “Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists”. 《BBC》. 2012년 12월 25일. 2015년 3월 1일에 확인함. 
  18. “Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes”. 《Times of Israel》. 2018년 12월 30일. 
  19. Mark Magnier (2012년 3월 8일). “In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes”. 《Los Angeles Times》. Articles.latimes.com. 2015년 12월 2일에 확인함. 
  20. “Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan’s New Era Name – Analysis”. 《eurasia review》. 2019년 7월 16일. 2019년 8월 13일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 8월 25일에 확인함. The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP’s project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism. 
  21. Arman, Murat Necip (2007). “The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism”. 《CEU Political Science Journal》 (2): 133–151. 
  22. Eissenstat, Howard. (November 2002). 《Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism》. Middle East Studies Association Conference. Washington, D.C. 
  23. Gocek, Fatma Muge (2014). 《Denial of Violence》. Oxford University Press. 402쪽. 
  24. “Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw”. 《The Algemeiner》. 2018년 1월 31일. 
  25. “Finns Kick Out Austerity Government as Leftists Win Election”. 《Bloomberg》. 2019년 4월 15일. But he faces a tough set of coalition talks, after the ultra nationalist Finns Party came in second, beating the conservative National Coalition for the first time. 

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