카렐리야 공화국

카렐리야 공화국
카렐어: Karjalan tašavalta
벱스어: Karjalan tazovaldkund
핀란드어: Karjalan tasavalta
리비어: Karjalan tazavaldu

국기
국장
국가카렐리야 공화국의 국가
수도페트로자보츠크
수장아르투르 파르펜치코프
 
지리
면적172,400km2
시간대(UTC+3)
인문
공용어카리알라어, 러시아어, 핀란드어
인구
2002년 어림780,000명
인구 밀도50/km2
경제
통화루블
기타
도메인.ru
국제 전화+7

카렐리야 공화국(러시아어: Респу́блика Каре́лия 레스푸블리카 카렐리야[*], 카렐어: Karjalan tazavaldu 카리알란 타자발두, 핀란드어: Karjalan tasavalta 카리알란 타사발타[*], 문화어: 까렐리야 공화국)은 러시아의 공화국이다. 수도는 페트로자보츠크이고 인구는 71만 6281명(2002년)이다.

면적

면적은 17만 2400km2이다. 러시아 북서쪽에 위치해 있으며, 서쪽은 핀란드와 국경을 접하고 있다. 북쪽은 무르만스크주, 남쪽은 레닌그라드주와 볼로그다주, 동쪽은 아르한겔스크주에 접해 있다. 남쪽은 라도가호·오네가호에, 북·동쪽은 백해에 둘러싸여 있고, 서쪽에는 해발고도 300∼400m의 구릉이 있다.

지질

대체로 낮고 평탄하며 빙식(氷蝕)에 의하여 형성된 호소(湖沼)·사퇴(砂堆) 등이 있고 토양은 메마르다.

기후

북부에서는 1월 평균기온 －14°C, 7월 평균기온 11°C를 나타내고, 남부에서는 1월 평균기온 －10°C, 7월 평균기온 16°C이며, 연평균 강수량은 500mm 정도이다. 관할 영역의 80%는 소나무·전나무 등의 침엽수림으로 덮여 있고 펄프·목재 등의 임산물 가공업이 발달하였다.

주민

카렐리야 공화국의 주민들은 거의 대부분 러시아인(73.6%)과 카렐리야인(10.0%)이다. 벨라루스인(7.0%), 우크라이나인(3.6%), 핀란드인(2.3%), 라프인, 벱스인(0.8%), 기타도 거주한다.

연도별 인구
연도인구±%
1926269,734—    
1959651,346+141.5%
1970713,451+9.5%
1979736,022+3.2%
1989791,317+7.5%
2002716,281−9.5%
2010643,548−10.2%
2021533,121−17.2%
Source: Census data

행정 구역

자세한 것은 카렐리야 공화국의 행정 구역을 참조.

산업

그밖의 자원으로는 티타늄·철·납·화강암·백운암·토탄 등이 있다. 농토는 전면적의 3%에 지나지 않으며, 그 가운데 대부분은 초지·목장으로 낙농업이 활발하다. 백해에 면한 항구도시 벨로모르스크와 페트로자보츠크를 연결하면서 북쪽으로 뻗는 무르만스크 철도와 백해∼발트해 운하가 중요한 교통수단이다.

공화국의 수반은 대통령이다. 현 대통령은 2002년 5월 당선된 세르게이 카타난도프이다.

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