족제비

족제비
족제비
족제비
생물 분류ℹ️
계: 동물계
문: 척삭동물문
강: 포유강
목: 식육목
과: 족제비과
아과: 족제비아과
속: 족제비속
종: 족제비
학명
Mustela sibirica
Pallas, 1773[1][2][3][4][5][6]
향명
  • 영어: Siberian weasel
  • 일본어: 朝鮮鼬 (チョウセンイタチ)[4][6]→조선 족제비
  • 한국어: 족제비[1]
  • 러시아어: Колонок
  • 중국어: 黄鼬→노란 족제비
족제비의 분포

■ 토착
■ 도입
보전상태

최소관심(LC): 절멸위협 조건 만족하지 않음
평가기관: IUCN 적색 목록 3.1[7]


절멸위구 ⅠB류(EN):
평가기관: 일본 환경성(MOE)-JRDB[2]

족제비(학명: Mustela sibirica)는 식육목 포유동물이다.[8] 족제비는 대한민국, 북한, 중국, 러시아 연해주 지역에 분포하며, 인가에도 흔히 나타난다.

생태

몸길이는 수컷이 40cm, 암컷이 30cm이고 꼬리 길이는 수컷 20cm, 암컷 10cm 정도이다. 털빛은 보통 황적갈색으로서 광택이 나는데, 등쪽은 갈색이고 입술과 턱은 흰색이며 주둥이 끝은 흑갈색을 띤다. 몸은 가늘고 길며 다리는 짧다. 귀는 둥글고 넓적하다. 짝짓기는 늦겨울에서 초여름까지이며, 임신기간은 30~35일이고 한배에 2~10마리의 새끼를 낳는다. 수명은 7년 정도이다. 먹이는 주로 들쥐, 집쥐, 메추라기, 새알, 새우, 올챙이, 개구리, 가재, 게, 물고기 등을 잡아먹으나 사육하는 닭이나 오리 등의 가금류를 해치기도 한다. 털가죽은 목도리나 밍크의 대용, 서예용 붓을 만드는 데 쓰인다. 주로 개울을 끼고 있는 숲, 굴, 빈 나무, 인가 근처, 나무뿌리·돌무덤 등의 굴에 서식한다. 발가락 사이 물갈퀴가 있어 수영에 능하다. 평소 땅위에서 생활 하지만 나무에 오르는 것을 좋아한다. 그 외에도 야생성이 짙은 특색상 족제비는 숨어 있는 공간까지도 쉽게 지나가는 것을 가지고 있으며, 심지어는 음식까지 훔쳐 먹게 되는 경우도 간혹 있다.

계통 분류

다음은 2018년 로(Law) 등의 연구에 기초한 족제비아과의 계통 분류이다.[9]

족제비아과
아메리카밍크속
 

아메리카밍크

 
 
 

긴꼬리족제비

 
 
 

콜롬비아족제비

 
 

아마존족제비

 
 
 
 
족제비속
 
 

등줄무늬족제비

 
 

말레이시아족제비

 
 
 
 

노랑배족제비

 
 
 

북방족제비

 
 
 
 

쇠족제비

 
 

고산족제비

 
 
 
 

일본족제비

 
 
 

족제비

 
 
 

유럽밍크

 
 
 

검은발족제비

 
 
 

긴털족제비

 
 

스텝긴털족제비

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

관련 논문

  • 양재영, 〈모피 동물 '족제비'와 '삵'의 어원과 어휘사〉, 《국어사》 37, 국어사학회, 2023년: 족제비의 어원을 밝히는 논문이다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ 가 나 국립생물자원관. “족제비”. 《한반도의 생물다양성》. 대한민국 환경부. 
  2. ↑ 가 나 石井信夫 「シベリアイタチ」『環境省レッドリスト2020 補遺資料』環境省自然環境局野生生物課希少種保全推進室編、環境省自然環境局野生生物課希少種保全推進室、2020年、14頁。
  3. ↑ Chris J. Law, "Mustela sibirica," Mammalian Species, Volume 50, Issue 966, American Society of Mammalogists, 2018, Pages 109-118.
  4. ↑ 가 나 斉藤勝・伊東員義・細田孝久・西木秀人 「イタチ科の分類」『世界の動物 分類と飼育2（食肉目）』今泉吉典監修、東京動物園協会、1991年、22-57頁。
  5. ↑ W. Christopher Wozencraft (2005). “Order Carnivora”. In Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532-628.
  6. ↑ 가 나 米田政明 「チョウセンイタチ」『日本の哺乳類 改訂2版』阿部永監修、東海大学出版会、2008年、83頁。
  7. ↑ Duckworth, J. W. & Abramov, A. (2008). “Mustela sibirica”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2015.2판》 (영어). 국제자연보전연맹(IUCN). 
  8. ↑ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, K.A.; Slater, G.J.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Grassman, L.; Lucherini, M.; Veron, G.; Wayne, R.K. (February 2008). “Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation”. 《BMC Biology》 6: 10. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614. 
  9. ↑ Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (2018년 1월 1일). “Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods”. 《Systematic Biology》 67 (1): 127–144. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx047. PMID 28472434. 

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