식육목

식육목

생물 분류ℹ️
계: 동물계
문: 척삭동물문
강: 포유강
하강: 진수하강
상목: 로라시아상목
목: 식육목
(Carnivora)
Bowdich, (1821)[1]
아목

식육목(食肉目)은 260여종의 포유류를 포함하는 목이다.[2] 거의 육식만 하는 육식동물인 경우가 있다. 그러나 판다,레서판다는 거의 초식만 하는 동물이다. 그리고 개아목의 동물은 대부분 잡식이다. 고양이과처럼 완전히 육식인 경우도 있다. 심지어 인간의 천적인 경우도 있다. 식육목 동물에는 고유한 두개골 모양이 있으며, 송곳니와 열육치(裂肉齒)가 발달해 있다. 이들은 동물을 잡아먹기에 알맞게 눈, 코 등의 감각 기관이 발달되어 있으며, 지능이 높고 행동이 빠르다.

하위 분류

전통적인 분류법으로는 열각아목(裂脚亞目)과 기각아목(鰭脚亞目)으로 나뉘었다. 열각아목은 땅에서 사는 육식동물이며 개상과와 고양이상과로 나뉘었다. 기각아목은 물개아과, 바다표범, 바다코끼리를 포함했다. 유전적인 관계에 따라 밝혀진 새로운 분류법에 따르면 식육목(食肉目)은 미아키스아목과 개아목과 고양이아목으로 나뉜다. 기각아목은 개아목에 포함된다.

최근의 연구 결과에서는, 마다가스카르에 서식하는 사향고양이과의 동물과 몽구스과의 동물이 공통된 조상을 가지고 있으므로 이들을 마다가스카르식육과로 합쳐져 야 한다는 주장이 나오고 있다.

식육목

계통 분류

다음은 포유류 계통 분류이다.[3]

포유강
 

단공목 오리너구리

 
수아강
 

유대하강 캥거루과

 
진수하강
대서양원류
 

아프로테리아상목 아시아코끼리 매너티속

 
 

빈치상목 아홉띠아르마딜로 큰개미핥기

 
 
북방진수류
로라시아상목
 

진무맹장목 두더지과

 
음낭야수류
 

박쥐목 흡혈박쥐아과

 
야수진제류
광수류
 

유린목 천산갑과

 
 

식육목 치타캘리포니아바다사자

 
 
진유제류
 

말목(기제류) 사바나얼룩말검은코뿔소

 
 

경우제목(우제류) 왈리아아이벡스북대서양참고래

 
 
 
 
 
영장상목
 

설치동물 시궁쥐속산토끼속

 
 

영장동물 울보카푸친사람

 
 
 
 
 
 

다음은 식육목의 계통 분류이다.[4]

식육목
고양이아목
 

† 님라부스과 Hoplophoneus mentalis

 
 
 

† Stenoplesictidae

 
 

† Percrocutidae Dinocrocuta

 
 
 

아프리카사향고양이과 Two-spotted palm civet

 
 
고양이상과
 

아시아린상과Spotted linsang

 
 
 

† 바르보우로펠리스과

 
 

고양이과 Tiger

 
 
 
사향고양이하목
 

사향고양이과 Malay civet

 
몽구스상과
 

하이에나과 Striped hyena

 
 
 

몽구스과 Small asian mongoose

 
 

마다가스카르식육과 Grandidier's mongoose

 
 
 
 
 
 
개아목
 

† 암피키온과 Amphicyon ingens

 
 

개과 African golden wolf

 
곰하목
곰상과
 

† 헤미키온과 Hemicyon sansaniensis

 
 

곰과 Asian black bear

 
 
 
기각류
 

† 에날리아르크토스과 Enaliarctos mealsi

 
 
 

물범과 Common seal

 
 
 

물개과 California sea lion

 
 

바다코끼리과 Pacific walrus

 
 
 
 
족제비상과
 

레서판다과 Red panda

 
 
 

스컹크과 Striped skunk

 
 
 

아메리카너구리과 Common raccoon

 
 

족제비과 European polecat

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

각주

  1. ↑ Bowditch, T. E. 1821. An analysis of the natural classifications of Mammalia for the use of students and travelers J. Smith Paris. 115. (refer pages 24, 33)
  2. ↑ Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). “Order Carnivora” [식육목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 532–628쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. 
  3. ↑ Nishihara, H.; Maruyama, S.; Okada, N. (2009). “Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences》 106 (13): 5235–5240. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.5235N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809297106. PMC 2655268. PMID 19286970. 
  4. ↑ Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W.J.; Koepfli, K.P.; Johnson, W.E.; Dragoo, J.W.; O'Brien, S.J. (2010). “Pattern and timing of the diversification of the mammalian order Carnivora inferred from multiple nuclear gene sequences”. 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution》 56: 49–63. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.033. PMID 20138220. 

외부 링크

  • 위키미디어 공용에 식육목 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.

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