육아휴직

유럽의회 육아휴직 시위

육아휴직(育兒休職)은 거의 모든 국가에서 사용할 수 있는 근로자 급여이다. "육아휴직"은 출산휴가, 육아휴직 및 입양휴가를 포함할 수도 있고, 어린 자녀를 돌볼 수 있는 부모가 사용할 수 있는 별도의 가족휴가를 설명하기 위해 "출산휴가" 및 "육아휴직"과 구별하여 사용될 수도 있다.[1] 일부 국가 및 관할 지역에서 "가족휴가"는 아픈 가족을 돌보기 위해 제공되는 휴가도 포함한다. 종종 최소 급여 및 자격요건이 법으로 규정된다.[2]

무급 육아휴직은 고용주가 그 고용주가 그 고용주가 휴직하는 동안 그 고용주의 일자리를 유지해야 할 때 제공된다. 유급 육아휴직 또는 가족휴직은 자녀 또는 부양가족 구성원의 복지를 돌보거나 준비하기 위해 유급 휴가를 제공한다. 가장 일반적인 세 가지 자금 지원 모델은 정부가 의무화한 사회보험/사회보장(고용주, 고용주 또는 납세자가 일반적으로 특정 공공 기금에 기여하는 경우), 고용주 책임(고용주가 고용주에게 휴직 기간 동안 지불해야 하는 경우), 그리고 사회보장과 고용주 책임을 모두 결합한 혼합 정책이다.[3]

육아휴직은 여러 해 동안 이런 저런 형태로 법적 권리 및 정부 프로그램으로 이용 가능했다. 2014년 국제노동기구(ILO)가 185개 국가와 영토의 육아휴직 정책을 검토한 결과, 파푸아뉴기니를 제외한 모든 국가에는 어떤 형태로든 육아휴직을 의무화하는 법이 있는 것으로 나타났다.[4] 다른 연구에 따르면 조사 대상 186개 국가 중 96%가 휴직 기간 동안 어머니에게 일부 급여를 제공했지만, 아버지에게 같은 급여를 제공한 국가는 44%에 불과했다. 미국, 파푸아뉴기니 및 태평양의 몇 개 섬 국가(예: 마셜 제도, 미크로네시아, 나우루, 팔라우, 통가)는 유엔에서 고용주가 새로운 부모에게 유급 휴가를 제공할 것을 요구하지 않는 유일한 7개 국가이다. 민간 고용주는 때때로 법적 권한 밖에 또는 추가로 무급 및 유급 육아휴직을 제공한다.[5][6][7]

연구에 따르면 유급 육아휴직은 엄마뿐만 아니라 아이들의 더 나은 건강 결과와 관련이 있다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ “U.S. behind most of world in parental leave policy: study; Papua New Guinea, Swaziland & U.S. lag”. 《Daily News》 (New York). 2011년 12월 24일. 
  2. ↑ Ruhm, Christopher J. (1998). “The Economic Consequences of Parental Leave Mandates: Lessons from Europe” (PDF). 《Quarterly Journal of Economics》 113 (1): 285–317. doi:10.1162/003355398555586. S2CID 51297709. 
  3. ↑ Addati, Laura (2015년 1월 1일). “Extending maternity protection to all women: Trends, challenges and opportunities”. 《International Social Security Review》 68 (1): 69–93. doi:10.1111/issr.12060. ISSN 1468-246X. 
  4. ↑ International Labour Organization. (2014). Maternity and Paternity at Work: Law and Practice Across the World.
  5. ↑ Deahl, Jessica (2016년 10월 6일). “Countries Around The World Beat The U.S. On Paid Parental Leave”. 《NPR.org》 (NPR). 
  6. ↑ “Is paid leave available for both parents of infants?”. 《World Policy Analysis Center》 (영어). 2023년 8월 4일에 확인함. 
  7. ↑ “Note: Suriname is the latest country to introduce paid leave” (PDF). 2023년 7월 30일에 확인함. 
이 글은 법에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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