R-27 (ミサイル)

R-27/Р-27

R-27R 空対空ミサイル

R-27R 空対空ミサイル

R-27ロシア語Р-27エール・ドヴァーッツァチ・スィェーミ)は、ソ連機械設計局 ヴィーンペルで開発された中距離空対空ミサイルである。北大西洋条約機構(NATO)の用いたNATOコードネームではAA-10 アラモ(Alamo)と呼ばれた。

概要

R-23の代替ミサイルとして、アメリカ合衆国AIM-7F スパローに対抗するために開発された。当初はMiG-23MLでの実用化が望まれたが、計画は大幅に遅れ、かわりにR-23の改良型のR-24が開発された。R-24は、1981年に実用化された。

これに続き、R-27は1980年代中期に就役を始め、主にソ連第4世代戦闘機にあたるMiG-29MiG-31Su-27に装備された。MiG-23MLDなどにも搭載されたという情報もあるが、現在では誤報であると考えられている。

ソビエト連邦の崩壊後、独立したロシア連邦では各種軍用機にR-27の運用能力を持たせる近代化改修案を提示しており、その結果改修を受けたMiG-21MiG-23MiG-25のような戦闘機でも運用が可能となっている。いくつかのバリエーションがあり、R-27RはアメリカのAIM-7M スパローに匹敵する性能を有すると考えられている。

戦歴

エチオピア・エリトリア国境紛争において両軍の戦闘機MiG-29Su-27)による空中戦が発生し、双方がR-27を発射したが命中しなかったとされる。

派生型

R-27R1
セミアクティブ・レーダー誘導型。
R-27ER1
R-27R1の距離強化型。
R-27EM
海軍向け。セミアクティブ・レーダー誘導シーカーが改良されており、海上3mを飛行する航空機と交戦できる。
R-27T1
赤外線誘導型。
R-27ET1
R-27T1の距離強化型。
R-27AE
アクティブ・レーダー誘導型。
R-27P1
パッシブ・レーダー誘導型。AWACSレーダーサイトイージス艦などへの攻撃用。
R-27EP1
R-27P1の射程強化型。

採用国

退役国

仕様

R-27R1

R-27R

出典:en:Vympel R-27[出典無効]

  • 全長:4.08m
  • 翼幅:0.772m
  • 直径:230mm
  • 発射重量:253kg
  • 機関:高性能指向ロケット・モーター
  • 射程:50km
  • 速度:M4
  • 弾頭:爆風破砕弾頭またはコンティニュアス・ロッド(39kg)
  • 誘導方式:セミアクティブ・レーダー誘導
  • 信管:レーダー近接信管/接触信管

R-27ER1

出典:Missile.index[1]

  • 全長:4.70m
  • 直径:26cm
  • 翼幅:80cm
  • 発射重量:350kg
  • 射程:75km
  • 速度:M4

R-27T1

R-27T

出典:Missile.index[1]

  • 全長:3.70m
  • 直径:23cm
  • 翼幅:77cm
  • 発射重量:254kg
  • 射程:40km
  • 速度:M4
  • 目標探索装置:9B-1101K

R-27ET1

出典:Missile.index[1]

  • 全長:4.50m
  • 直径:26cm
  • 翼幅:80cm
  • 発射重量:343kg
  • 射程:70km
  • 速度:M4

R-27AE

出典:Missile.index[1]

  • 全長:4.78m
  • 直径:26cm
  • 翼幅:80cm
  • 発射重量:350kg
  • 射程:80km
  • 速度:M4
  • 目標探索装置:9B-1103M

R-27EM

出典:Missile.index[1]

  • 全長:4.78m
  • 直径:26cm
  • 翼幅:80cm
  • 発射重量:350kg
  • 射程:110km
  • 速度:M4

脚注

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Missile.index R-27
  2. ^ * The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2023-02-15) (英語). The Military Balance 2023. Routledge. pp. 179-180. ISBN 978-1-032-50895-5 
  3. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2023-02-15) (英語). The Military Balance 2023. Routledge. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-032-50895-5 

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