Exchequer

イングランド王国 Exchequer note, 5 Pounds, dated 6 August 1697

エクスチェッカー (: Exchequer, HM Exchequer[2])は、イギリスの公務上の概念であり、総合基金  (Consolidated Fund[3]における中央政府会計プロセスと政府当座預金口座の管理 (租税などの歳入を原資とする出納) を意味する。「エクスチェッカー」という用語は、現在も政府機関による年次会計報告書・年次財務諸表を含む、数多くの最新の財務書類で使用されている[4][5][6][7]

日本国政府における「国庫」に近い概念である。

「エクスチェッカー」は、イギリスのかつての行政機関である財務府の名称であり[8][9]、同機関は、租税・歳入の収集や管理、統治者英語版フランス語版ドイツ語版イタリア語版支払代行、公会計監査などに責任を持ち、その会計責任に伴う司法的な役割も発展させ、歳入に関係する法的な紛争の審判も行った[10]

類似の機関は、後にスコットランド王国(1200年頃)やアイルランド(イングランド王国による支配下)(1210年)でも創設された[11]

現在もイギリスの財務大臣称号は「チャンセラー・オブ・エクスチェッカー  (Chancellor of the Exchequer」である。

名称の由来

ノルマンディー公国

イングランド・ウェールズ

スコットランド

アイルランド

出典

  1. ^ 英国・公的機関改革の最近の動向”. 内閣官房. 2020年7月2日閲覧。
  2. ^ Interpretation Act 1978”. legislation.gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  3. ^ Exchequer and Financial Provisions Act (Northern Ireland) 1950”. legislation.gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  4. ^ Rural Payments Agency Annual Report and Accounts 2015–2016”. gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  5. ^ Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Annual Report and Accounts 2015–16”. gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  6. ^ Department for Education Consolidated annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 March 2015”. gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  7. ^ Consolidated Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2015”. gov.scot. The Scottish Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  8. ^ Exchequer and Audit Departments Act 1866”. legislation.gov.uk. UK Government. 6 October 2016閲覧。
  9. ^ 都築, 彰. “十二世紀イングランドの王家政と財務府”. 一橋大学. 一橋大学. 2023年8月31日閲覧。
  10. ^ Bryson, W.H. (2008). The Equity Side of the Exchequer. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07659-3 
  11. ^ Howard, Gorges Edmond (1776). A treatise of the Exchequer and revenue of Ireland.. Vol. 1. J.A. Husband. OCLC 5111516 

参考文献

  • Keir, D. L., The Constitutional History of Modern Britain 1485–1937. Third Edition. A & C Black, 1946.
  • Steel, Anthony The Receipt of the Exchequer, 1377–1485. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.
  • Warren, W. L., The Governance of Norman and Angevin England 1086–1272. Edward Arnold, 1987. ISBN 0-7131-6378-X
  • Madox, Thomas, 1666–1727; Fitzneale, Richard, 1130–1198; Gervasius, of Tilbury, supposed author(1711/1769), History of the Exchequer Published 1769, etext on archive.org
  • Thomas, Francis Sheppard (1848). The Ancient Exchequer of England; the Treasury; and Origin of the Present Management of the Exchequer and Treasury of Ireland.. J. Petheram. OCLC 465938569 
  • 亀井, 孝文『よくわかる公会計制度 ―創設の歴史と現行制度の活用や改革の方向まで―』イマジン出版、2017年1月27日。ISBN 978-4872997491 

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