AMR-WB

Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)
拡張子.awb
MIMEタイプaudio/amr-wb, audio/3gpp
種別Audio
国際標準ITU-T G.722.2

AMR-WBAdaptive Multi-Rate Wideband)は、Adaptive Multi-Rate(AMR)をベースとするマルチレートの広帯域音声符号化方式で、GSMW-CDMA 方式の第三世代携帯電話VoLTE[1]で利用される。AMR-WB と区別するため、従来の AMR は AMR-NB(Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrowband)と呼ばれることもある。

同じ仕様は ITU-T が勧告した広帯域音声符号化方式 G.722.2 でも使用されている[2]

概要

AMR-WB は、GSM などで使用される Adaptive Multi-Rate(AMR)と同様マルチレートをサポートする音声符号化方式で、AMR を広帯域化することで音質を高めたものである。通常の電話インタフェースの2倍の帯域幅を持つ 50 Hz-7 kHz(サンプリング周波数 16kHz)の音声信号を 6.60 kbps~23.85 kbpsまでの 9 種類のビットレートで符号化できる[3]。AMR-WB は標準化団体の3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)が策定した。

ITU-T が勧告した広帯域音声符号化方式 G.722.2 も AMR-WB と同じものである。この規格は G.722G.722.1 から派生したもので、これらと比べると同じ広帯域の音声をより低いビットレートで符号化できる。G.722.2 の正式な名称は"Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)"(広帯域適応マルチレート (AMR-WB) 方式を用いた16 kbit/s程度の広帯域音声符号化)である[2]

AMR-WB の符号化アルゴリズムは AMR と同じ ACELP(Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction)を使用し[3]、以下のビットレートをサポートしている。6.60 kbps~12.65 kbps までが必須マルチレート構成で、通常は 12.65 kbps が使用される。それより高いビットレートは背景雑音が多い環境、音声と音楽との組み合わせ、マルチパーティ会議など高い音質が要求される場合に使用される[3][2]

AMR-WB のビットレート
ビットレート サポート 説明
6.60 kbps 必須 移動体回線交換システム(GSM, W-CDMA)で使用:無線状態が悪い時にのみ一時的に使用。広帯域音声とは見なされない。
8.85 kbps 必須 移動体回線交換システム(GSM, W-CDMA)で使用:無線状態が悪い時にのみ一時的に使用。広帯域音声とは見なされない。48 kbps の G.722 と同等の音質。
12.65 kbps 必須 移動体回線交換システム(GSM, W-CDMA)で使用:メインとなるビットレート。AMR より優れた音質で、これ以上のビットレートでは 56 kbps の G.722 と同等かそれ以上の音質。ドコモがVoLTEで利用[1]
14.25 kbps
15.85 kbps
18.25 kbps
19.85 kbps
23.05 kbps フルレートGSMチャネルは対象外。
23.85 kbps フルレートGSMチャネルは対象外。64 kbps の G.722 と同等の音質。

コーデックの入出力は 14ビット長、サンプリング周波数 16kHzの信号で、これを 12.8 kHz にダウンサンプリングして処理を行う。デコード時には処理結果を 16kHz にアップサンプリングし、6 kHz ~ 7 kHzの高域成分を追加する[2]

会話での無音期間は、AMR の場合同様、音声区間検出機能(Voice Activity Detector、VAD)で検出を行い 160ms ごとに SID(silence descriptor)と呼ばれるデータを送信する。まったくの無音を避けるため、デコーダ側では SID を検出すると適度なレベルの背景雑音を再生する。

インターネット上での RTP による AMR-WB のペイロードの形式は RFC4867 で定義されている[4]

用途

携帯電話VoIPでの音声通信用以外に、AMR-WB は 3GPP で定義された各種マルチメディアサービスで使用することができる [5] [6] [7]

脚注

  1. ^ a b 「VoLTE」はなぜ高音質なのか? 答えはコーデックの進化にアリ”. ITmedia Mobile. 2021年9月21日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c d ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2 (07/2003), Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB). ITU-T, 2003.
  3. ^ a b c 3GPP, Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec;Transcoding functions. 3GPP TS 26.190 version 9.0.0 Release 9, 2010.
  4. ^ IETF. “RTP Payload Format for AMR and AMR-WB”. IETF Network Working Group.. 2010年7月8日閲覧。
  5. ^ ETSI (2009-04) ETSI TS 126 234 V8.2.0 (2009-04); 3GPP TS 26.234; Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS); Protocols and codecs. 2010-07-8閲覧。
  6. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 140 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.140; Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Media formats and codes. 2010-07-8閲覧。
  7. ^ ETSI (2009-01) ETSI TS 126 141 V8.0.0 (2009-01); 3GPP TS 26.141; IP Multimedia System (IMS) Messaging and Presence; Media formats and codecs. 2010-07-8閲覧。

参考文献

  • ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2 (07/2003), Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB). ITU-T, 2003.
  • 3GPP, Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec;General description. 3GPP TS 26.171 version 9.0.0 Release 9, 2009.
  • 3GPP, Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec;Transcoding functions. 3GPP TS 26.190 version 9.0.0 Release 9, 2010.
  • IETF Network Working Group. RFC4867 RTP Payload Format for AMR and AMR-WB. IETF. April, 2007.

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