リアリズム演劇

リアリズム演劇(リアリズムえんげき)は、19世紀以降の近代劇で、写実主義を志向した演劇のこと。

概要

1887年フランス・パリでアンドレ・アントワーヌが始めた自由劇場がリアリズム演劇運動の先駆である。アントワーヌは、エミール・ゾライプセンらの作品を上演し、わざとらしい演技を排し、作り物でない演劇、個人と社会の矛盾などを描き、真の人生に迫る演劇を目指した。こうした自由劇場の運動は各国に大きな反響を呼んだ。

「近代劇の父」といわれるイプセンをはじめ、ハウプトマンチェーホフなどの作品がリアリズム演劇とされる。また、スタニスラフスキー・システムはリアリズム演劇の実践論とされる。

日本の新劇運動(小山内薫自由劇場など)や中国の話劇運動も、イプセンら西洋近代劇の翻訳劇を上演することから始まり、当初からリアリズム演劇を志向していた。

参考文献

  • 市川明「リアリズム演劇とはなにか : ビューヒナーとブレヒトを手がかりに」『演劇学論集 日本演劇学会紀要』第38巻、2000年10月、111-130頁、CRID 1390282763078063360doi:10.18935/jjstr.38.0_111 
  • 菅井幸雄『リアリズム演劇論』(第2版)未来社、1968年。全国書誌番号:68007118 
  • 毛利三彌『イプセンのリアリズム 中期問題劇の研究』白鳳社、1984年6月。ISBN 4-8262-0062-5 

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