ミラス (ミサイル)

ミラス
種類 対潜ミサイル
製造国 フランスの旗 フランス/イタリアの旗 イタリア
性能諸元
ミサイル直径 460 mm
(ブースター装着状態1,060 mm)
ミサイル全長 6 m
ミサイル重量 800 kg
弾頭 MU90魚雷
射程 35 km (最大60 km)
推進方式 ターボジェット・サステナー
＋固体ロケット・ブースター
誘導方式 慣性誘導＋指令誘導
飛翔速度 300メートル毎秒
テンプレートを表示

ミラス（フランス語: MILAS）は、イタリアのオート・メラーラ社とフランスのマトラ社によって開発された対潜ミサイル[1][2]。

来歴

1970年代後半、フランス海軍が長距離対潜火力を廃して哨戒ヘリコプターを重視するという決定を覆した直後に、開発の検討が開始された。正式な開発要求は1985年に発出され、1987年の夏に本機の設計が採択された。了解覚書（MoU）は1987年9月に締結された[1]。

試作弾による最初の試射は1989年6月に行われた。1994年4月21日には、イタリア海軍の試験艦「カラビニエーレ」を用いて、完成弾による試射が行われた[1]。

設計

基本的には、やはり両社が共同開発したオトマートMk.2艦対艦ミサイルをもとに、弾頭を対潜用の短魚雷に換装したものとなっている。ミサイルの巡航高度は200mで、オトマートMk.2と同様に、飛翔中に目標情報の更新を受けることができる[1]。

フランス海軍は収束帯（CZ）による長距離探知に見合うスタンドオフ性能を求めていた。これに応じて、本機は35 kmの射程を備えており、この距離を3分で飛翔することができる。哨戒ヘリコプターが15分待機であったことを考えると、即応性の点では大きなアドバンテージであった。なお単純に直線距離で飛翔した場合の最大射程は60 kmに達する[1]。

目標の近傍に達してターボジェット・サステナーが消火すると、まず減速用パラシュートを開いて減速、短魚雷を切り離す。短魚雷は姿勢制御・降下用パラシュートを開いて、姿勢を整えて着水、音響ホーミングによって敵潜水艦を捕捉・追尾を開始する[2]。長距離射程での目標捕捉公算は15％程度とされている[1]。

なお弾頭として用いられる短魚雷は、やはり両国が共同開発したMU90「インパクト」が標準であるが、イギリスのスティングレイやアメリカ合衆国のMk.46への換装も可能である[2]。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Norman Friedman (1997). The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems 1997-1998. Naval Institute Press. pp. 664-665, 672-673. ISBN 9781557502681. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=l-DzknmTgDUC 
  2. ^ a b c 「世界の艦載兵器」『世界の艦船』第811号、海人社、2015年1月、139頁、NAID 40020297435。 

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