2002年には、ヘザー・アシュトンによる『ベンゾジアゼピン-それはどのように作用し、離脱するにはどうすればよいか』(Benzodiazepines: How They Work and How to Withdraw)[6]がオンラインで入手可能となる。邦訳は2012年8月に公開され、これは出典論文が省略され、新たな付記も存在する。内容としては、離脱を管理するために長時間型のジアゼパムに置換し、ジアゼパムが10mgになるまで週あたり残りの10%を減量するといった、1996年の世界保健機関によるものよりさらにペースを落とした方法が紹介されている。
2012年のコロンビア大学嗜癖物質乱用国立センター(The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University)によるさまざまな薬物の嗜癖についての科学的根拠の精査は[40]、ベンゾジアゼピンのような中枢神経抑制剤からの離脱は、アルコールにおける発作やせん妄に似た症状により一部では致死的となる場合があり、離脱症状は一般的には10 - 14日だが半年程度持続することもあるため、数週間から数か月にわたって漸減すべきであり、選択肢としてクロルジアゼポキシドやクロナゼパムのような長時間型の薬剤を処方することもあるとしている。
イギリスでは『英国国民医薬品集』(British National Formulary)にて漸減を推奨している[42]。英国国立医療技術評価機構(NICE)の2004年不眠症診療ガイドラインでは、処方は4週間を限度とし、かつベンゾジアゼピンの慢性的使用者の10〜30%が身体的依存を生じ、半数が離脱症状を経験すると記されている[43]。
『精神科救急のすべて』(Handbook of Emergency Psychiatry)は、救急医療におけるものだが、ベンゾジアゼピンを含む鎮静催眠剤の離脱はアルコールと同様の処置が必要であるとし、バルビツール酸系のフェノバルビタールの置換や、ベンゾジアゼピン系のクロルジアゼポキシドやクロナゼパムへの置換を候補として挙げ、1日の服用量をフェノバルビタールに等価換算し1日に3分割して投与する方法を紹介している[55]。しかし、すでに見てきたように通常ベンゾジアゼピン系において用いられるのはバルビツール酸系ではなく、ベンゾジアゼピン系である。
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Angkatan Bersenjata Republik PolandiaSiły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Cabang-cabang dinas Angkatan Bersenjata PolandiaDidirikan12 Oktober 1918Angkatan Angkatan Laut Angkatan Udara Angkatan Darat Pasukan Khusus Angkatan Pertahanan TeritorialKepemimpinanPanglima Tertinggi Presiden Andrzej DudaMenteri Pertahanan Mariusz BłaszczakStaf Jenderal Jenderal Rajmund AndrzejczakKekuatan personelUsia penerimaan18 tahunWajib militerTidak ada sejak 2009Personel aktif160.000Personel cadang...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Daniele Galloppa Daniele Galloppa dalam sesi latihan untuk tim Nasional pada November 2009Informasi pribadiTanggal lahir 15 Mei 1985 (umur 38)Tempat lahir Roma, ItaliaTinggi 1,85 m (6 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubK...
Templat:Infobox residential college St Antony's College adalah salah satu kolese konstituen dari Universitas Oxford di Inggris. Didirikan pada 1950 sebagai hasil dari hadiah pedagang Prancis Sir Antonin Besse asal Aden, St Antony's mengkhususkan diri dalam hubungan internasional, ekonomi, politik dan kajian wilayah terkait Eropa, Rusia, bekas negara-negara Soviet, Amerika Latin, Timur Tengah, Afrika, Jepang, TIongkok dan Asia Tenggara dan Selatan.[1] St Antony's College Kolese tersebu...
William IIWilliam II, dalam Manuskrip StoweRaja InggrisBerkuasa9 September 1087 – 2 Agustus 1100Britania26 September 1087PendahuluWilliam IPenerusHenry IInformasi pribadiKelahiranc. 1056Normandia, PrancisKematian2 Agustus 1100 (aged c. 43–44)New Forest, InggrisPemakamanKatedral WinchesterWangsaNormanAyahWilliam I dari InggrisIbuMatilda dari Flandria William II (Prancis: Guillaume II d'Angleterre; c. 1056 – 2 Agustus 1100), putra ketiga dari William I dari Inggris, ad...
Part of the American Revolutionary War Battle of White MarshPart of the American Revolutionary WarView from the British positions at the Battle of White Marsh.Ink on paper, by cartographer Johann Martin WillDateDecember 5–8, 1777LocationWhitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania,Springfield Township, Pennsylvania,Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania,Fort Washington, Pennsylvania40°07′N 75°14′W / 40.12°N 75.23°W / 40.12; -75.23Result InconclusiveBelligerents Unite...
جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولاللاسلطوية الفكر رأسمالية مسيحية جمعية إسلامية شيوعية بيئية أنثوية خضراء فردية تبادلية بدائية اجتماعية أو اشتراكية تعاونية او نقابية في الثقافة الدين المجتمع الفنون تاريخ النقد التعليم المبادئ النظرية الأصول الاقتصاد الرأسمالية الماركسية بدون ص�...
Stock caricature of a Chinese laborer seen in cartoons of the 19th century John Confucius John Chinaman was a stock caricature of a Chinese laborer seen in cartoons of the 19th century.[1] Also referenced by Mark Twain and popular American songs of the period,[2] John Chinaman represented, in western society, a typical persona of China. He was typically depicted with a long queue and wearing an Asian conical hat. History John Chinaman minstrel songs from the 1850s presented Ch...
American lawyer, politician and judge (1930–2023) For other uses, see Sandra Day O'Connor (disambiguation). Sandra Day O'ConnorOfficial portrait, c. 2002Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesIn officeSeptember 25, 1981 – January 31, 2006[1][2]Nominated byRonald ReaganPreceded byPotter StewartSucceeded bySamuel AlitoJudge of the Arizona Court of Appeals for Division OneIn officeDecember 14, 1979 – September 25, 1981Nominate...
Iñupiaq artist (1933–2020) Ronald SenungetukBorn1933Wales, Territory of AlaskaDiedJanuary 21, 2020 (aged 87)NationalityIñupiaqEducationRochester Institute of TechnologyKnown forsculpture, jewelry, paintingMovementAlaska Native artAwardsFulbright Fellowship Ronald Senungetuk (/səˈnʌŋɡɛtˌʌk/ sə-NUNG-ɡet-uk;[1] 1933 – January 21, 2020)[2] (last name pronounced Sinuŋituk in Iñupiaq) was an Iñupiaq artist originally from Wales, Alaska, who worked primar...
Parco Forlanini UbicazioneStato Italia LocalitàMilano IndirizzoMunicipio 4 CaratteristicheTipoparco urbano Superficie0,543 km² Inaugurazione1970 Gestorecomune di Milano Aperturail parco è privo di recinzione Ingressiviale Forlanini, via Corelli Mappa di localizzazione Sito web Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il parco Forlanini è un parco milanese situato a ridosso del viale Forlanini, di fronte all'aeroporto di Linate dedicato al pioniere dell'aviazione Enrico Forlanini. In...
Supernova remnant in the constellation of Cygnus This GALEX image of the Cygnus Loop nebula could not have been taken from the surface of the Earth because the ozone layer blocks the ultra-violet radiation emitted by the nebula. The Cygnus Loop (radio source W78, or Sharpless 103) is a large supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation Cygnus, an emission nebula measuring nearly 3° across.[1] Some arcs of the loop, known collectively as the Veil Nebula or Cirrus Nebula, emit in the v...
جان-بيير كوتيه (بالفرنسية: Jean-Pierre Côté) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 9 يناير 1926 [1][2][3] مونتريال الوفاة 10 يوليو 2002 (76 سنة) [2][3] مونتريال مواطنة كندا مناصب عضو مجلس العموم الكندي في المنصب8 أبريل 1963 – 30 أكتوبر 1972 وزارة في المنصب1965...