バプタノドン

バプタノドン
生息年代: ジュラ紀後期, 160–156 Ma
↓
地質時代
ジュラ紀
分類
ドメイン : 真核生物 Eukaryota
界 : 動物界 Animalia
門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata
亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata
綱 : 爬虫綱 Reptilia
亜綱 : ?広弓亜綱 Euryapsida
?双弓亜綱 Diapsida
目 : 魚竜目 Ichthyosauria
科 : オフタルモサウルス科
Ophthalmosauridae
亜科 : オフタルモサウルス亜科
Ophthalmosaurinae
属 : バプタノドン
Baptanodon
シノニム
  • Sauranodon Marsh, 1879 (preoccupied)
  • Microdontosaurus Gilmore, 1902
種

バプタノドン（学名:Baptanodon）は、約1億6000万年前の中生代ジュラ紀後期に生息していた魚竜である。全長は6メートルに達し、姿はイルカに類似していた。顎には歯がほぼ存在せず、イカの捕食に適していた。化石は主に北アメリカから産出している。

発見と種

MaischとMatzkeが執筆した2000年の論文では、バプタノドンはオフタルモサウルスのジュニアシノニムと考えられており[1]、オフタルモサウルス・ナタンスという学名を与えられていた。しかし、2010年代に発表された分岐学解析ではオフタルモサウルスの模式種 Ophthalmosaurus icenicus よりも他のオフタルモサウルス亜科に近縁であることが判明している[2][3][4]。

バプタノドンの化石はジュラ紀後期オックスフォーディアン期のアメリカ合衆国ワイオミング州サンダンス層で発見されており、この層からはクリプトクリドゥス科の首長竜タンテネクテスやパントサウルス、およびプリオサウルス科のメガルネウサウルスの化石が産出している。

分類

下のクラドグラムは Fischer らの2013年の論文に基づく[5]。

トゥンノサウルス類 
 

イクチオサウルス

 
 
 

ステノプテリギウス

 
 
 

チャカイコサウルス

 
 オフタルモサウルス科 
 

アースロプテリギウス

 
*
 オフタルモサウルス亜科 
 

レニニア

 
 

モレサウルス

 
 
 

オフタルモサウルス

 
 
 

バプタノドン ("O." natans)

 
 

アカンプトネクテス

 
 
 
 
 プラティプテリギウス亜科 
 
 

ブラキプテリギウス

 
 
 

マイアスポンディルス

 
 
 

アエギロサウルス

 
 

スヴェルトネクテス

 
 
 
 
 
 

プラティプテリギウス・ヘルキニクス

 
 
 

カイプリサウルス

 
 
 

アサバスカサウルス

 
 

プラティプテリギウス・アウストラリス(=Longirostria[6])

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

出典

  1. ^ Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 298: 1-159.
  2. ^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Erin E. Maxwell (2010). “A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada”. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47 (8): 1037–1053. Bibcode: 2010CaJES..47.1037D. doi:10.1139/E10-028. 
  3. ^ Valentin Fischer (2012). “New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary”. PLoS ONE 7 (1): e29234. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...729234F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029234. PMC 3250416. PMID 22235274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250416/. 
  4. ^ Ilaria Paparella; Erin E. Maxwell; Angelo Cipriani; Scilla Roncacè; Michael W. Caldwell (2017). "The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian–Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy)". Geological Magazine. 154 (4): 837–858. doi:10.1017/S0016756816000455.
  5. ^ Fischer, V.; Arkhangelsky, M. S.; Uspensky, G. N.; Stenshin, I. M.; Godefroit, P. (2013). “A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae”. Geological Magazine 151: 1. doi:10.1017/S0016756812000994. 
  6. ^ Arkhangel’sky, M. S., 1998, On the Ichthyosaurian Genus Platypterygius: Palaeontological Journal, v. 32, n. 6, p. 611-615.

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