「giant eagle-owl (巨大なワシミミズク)」という英名を持つが、世界最大のワシミミズクでは無い。しかし非常に大きく力強いフクロウであり、アフリカ、ひいては熱帯地方最大のフクロウである。シマフクロウ、ワシミミズク、ウオミミズクに次いで、現生のフクロウの中で4番目に重い。全長はカラフトフクロウ、シマフクロウ、ワシミミズクに次いで、現生のフクロウの中で4番目に長い[7][18][19][20]。体重と翼開長に基づいてワシミミズクと大きさを比べると、中央アジアのステップ(B. b. turcomanus)やヒマラヤ山脈(B. b. hemachalana)の亜種など、中型のワシミミズク亜種とほぼ同じ大きさで、ほとんどの北ユーラシア亜種よりもわずかに小さく、シベリアやロシアの亜種よりはかなり小さく、イベリア半島(B. b. hispanus)や中東(B. b. omissus または B. b. nikolskii)などの小型亜種よりはいくらか大きい[21][22][23][24][25]。
サブサハラアフリカで次に大きいフクロウは、イワワシミミズクである。クロワシミミズクとイワワシミミズクの行動圏は、後者の分布域のほぼすべての部分で隣接している可能性がある。最大亜種 (マッキンダーワシミミズク、B. c. mackinderi) でさえも、イワワシミミズクはクロワシミミズクよりも平均して体重が約30%軽く、ほぼすべての外見上の特徴が著しく異なる[7][30]。ウオクイフクロウは南アフリカ共和国の西部、中央部、内陸部に分布し、彼らは森林に囲まれた湿地や河川の岸を好むが、その大半でクロワシミミズクと共存する可能性がある。ウオクイフクロウはクロワシミミズクと同程度の大きさになることもあるが、体色は明るい赤みがかったシナモン色で、羽角を持たない[15]。ピンク色のまぶた、黒い目、比較的一様な羽毛、非常に大きな体という特徴が組み合わさって、クロワシミミズクはほぼ見間違えようのない鳥となっている[7][15][34]。
一般にクロワシミミズクの食性は無作為で、非常に多様である。温帯域のワシミミズク類は比較的小型の齧歯類を捕食せざるを得ず、そのためには巣作りのつがいが毎晩12匹もの齧歯類を捕獲する必要となる場合もある[36][62][63]。それに比べて、サブサハラアフリカ地域では齧歯類の種数と個体数がかなり多く、クロワシミミズクはほとんどの小型齧歯類を無視しているようで、体重が平均30g未満の齧歯類の獲物は知られていない[8][9][49][51]。ケニアでは、現地で最も頻繁に記録された獲物はメクラネズミ科であったが、これらは哺乳類以外を含む他の種よりもわずかに多い程度であった[8]。デバネズミ科の数種も獲物として記録されている[9][49][64]。体重31gのミナミアフリカタチチマウスから、体重360gのドブネズミを含む外来のクマネズミ属にいたるまで、いくつかのネズミ科の種が狩りの対象となっている[8][9][65][66][67]。クロワシミミズクが捕獲した記録のある大型の齧歯類には、体重529gのケープアラゲジリス、体重786gのサバンナアフリカオニネズミ、体重1,900gのヒメヨシネズミなどがいる[8][66][68]。獲物となる最大の齧歯類は平均体重3,040gのトビウサギである[51][66]。Avery, et al. (1985)は、トビウサギは獲物としては大きすぎるため、死肉を食べるのみである可能性があると述べており、実際に少なくとも1匹のトビウサギが死肉を食べられている。しかし、ワシミミズクがより大きなサイズのサルを生きたまま捕獲したことが実証されていることも認めており、生きたトビウサギも捕獲する可能性は否定できないとした[9][51]。
クロワシミミズクが有蹄類を捕食した事例はいくつかあるが、Avery, et al. (1985)などの一部の研究者は、これらは一般的に死肉を漁った事例であると考えている。この研究によれば、推定体重10,670gのグリズボックの成獣の死骸は、確実に死肉として捕食されたとされている[9]。Steyn(1982)は、クロワシミミズクが稀に体重10,000gまでの生きた獲物を捕食することがあることを認めたが、成獣のサバンナダイカーを捕食した事例では、サバンナダイカーの死因はおそらくロードキルだったと述べた[51]。死肉をあさることはフクロウでは一般的にまれな行動であり、大型のフクロウで、なおかつ非常に空腹であったケースが少数報告されているのみである[7][85]。他の獲物としては、ケープイボイノシシの幼獣が含まれる。ケープイボイノシシ平均出生体重はわずか665gだが、わずか2週間で2,000g以上に成長する[51][85][86]。平均体重が4,590gで、最も小さいレイヨウの一種であるキルクディクディクの成獣も狩った記録がある[87][88]。
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参考文献
Owls of the World by Konig, Weick & Becking. Yale University Press (2009), ISBN9780300142273