Émile Littré

Émile Maximilien Paul Littré (Parigi, 1º febbraio 1801 – Parigi, 2 giugno 1881) è stato un lessicografo, filologo e filosofo francese.

Biografia

Dopo iniziali studi di medicina, si volse allo studio delle lingue antiche e alla storia della lingua francese. Si dedicò pure con abnegazione alla vita politica, prima attraverso il giornalismo e in seguito come membro dell'Assemblea. Venne eletto all'Accademia nel 1871. Allievo di Auguste Comte (di cui scrisse una biografia: Comte et la philosophie positive), non ne accettò mai tuttavia le derive mistico-dogmatiche, venendo quindi da Comte stesso allontanato. Littré, rigorosamente volto al metodo positivo (inteso quale sistematico rifiuto di ogni speculazione metafisica), si attenne sempre all'indagine sperimentale. Nel 1867 fondò e diresse la Revue de philosophie positive.

L'8 luglio 1875, quando aveva già 70 anni, fu iniziato in Massoneria nella Loggia del Grande Oriente di Francia « La Clémente amitié », in una seduta solenne, assieme a Jules Ferry e a Grégoire Wyroubof, e fu fatta una grande pubblicità al discorso da lui pronunciato in quest'occasione^[1].

Legò il proprio nome all'imponente Dictionnaire de la langue française (1863-72), subito riconosciuto un modello inarrivabile di lessicografia; a un dizionario di medicina e chirurgia (1854); a una storia della lingua francese (1862); alla traduzione dell'Inferno dantesco (1879) e delle opere d'Ippocrate di Coo (1839-61).

Note

^ (FR) "Qui est Emile Littré?" Archiviato il 23 febbraio 2015 in Internet Archive. sul sito ufficiale della "Maison d'Auguste Comte".

Bibliografia

Di Littré in italiano si può leggere: L'invenzione del mio dizionario, traduzione e cura di Marco Lanterna (il quale ha aggiunto in appendice anche un utile Glossario Littré), Luni, Milano, 2024.
In francese su Littré rimangono imprescindibili le biografie di Alain Rey (anch'egli lessicografo), Littré, l'humaniste et les mots, Gallimard, Parigi, 1970, e di Jean Hamburger (medico), Monsieur Littré, Flammarion, Parigi, 1988

Altri progetti

Wikisource contiene una pagina dedicata a Émile Littré
Wikisource contiene una pagina in lingua francese dedicata a Émile Littré
Wikiquote contiene citazioni di o su Émile Littré
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Émile Littré

Collegamenti esterni

Littré, Maximilien-Paul-Émile, su Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
Littré, Maximilien-Paul-Émile, in Dizionario di filosofia, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2009.
(EN) Paul-Émile Littré, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(FR) Émile Littré, su www.academie-francaise.fr, Académie française.
Opere di Émile Littré, su Liber Liber.
Opere di Émile Littré, su MLOL, Horizons Unlimited.
(EN) Opere di Émile Littré / Émile Littré (altra versione), su Open Library, Internet Archive.
(EN) Opere di Émile Littré, su Progetto Gutenberg.
(FR) Pubblicazioni di Émile Littré / Émile Littré (altra versione), su Persée, Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation.
(EN) Bibliografia di Émile Littré, su Internet Speculative Fiction Database, Al von Ruff.
(FR) Émile Littré, su Sycomore, Assemblea nazionale.
(FR) Émile Littré, su senat.fr, Senato francese.
(EN) Émile Littré, in Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton Company.

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 49228291 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 2131 8315 · SBN LO1V034080 · BAV 495/101461 · CERL cnp00401964 · LCCN (EN) n84193551 · GND (DE) 118907131 · BNE (ES) XX1001044 (data) · BNF (FR) cb119131393 (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007264777805171 · NSK (HR) 000041567 · NDL (EN, JA) 00767082 · CONOR.SI (SL) 169420131

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