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Visconte

Visconte
Corona per il titolo nobiliare di visconte nell'araldica spagnola
Blasonatura
La corona normale di visconte è cimata da quattro grosse perle (tre visibili) sostenute da altrettante punte ed alternate da quattro piccole perle (due visibili) oppure da due punte d'oro.[1]
Visconte
Corona per il titolo nobiliare di visconte nell'araldica italiana
Visconte
Corona per il titolo nobiliare di visconte nell'araldica britannica

Visconte è un titolo nobiliare che nella gerarchia araldica segue il titolo di conte.

Storia

Il visconte del Latino "vicecomites", in tedesco Vizegraf, era un funzionario dello stato feudale, che sostituiva il conte. La carica era dunque attribuita dal conte a un uomo di sua fiducia, a cui affidava compiti di gestione del territorio di varia natura. Alla morte della persona il conte era libero di affidare l'incarico a chiunque lui ritenesse degno della sua fiducia.[2] La figura sorse nell'età carolingia, ma non si sa esattamente quando. Fra i carolingi si parlava di Vicarii Comitum mentre tra i Longobardi si parlava di Ministri Comitum. Con il passare del tempo l'alta nobiltà cercò di affrancarsi sempre di più dall'autorità reale e questo si rifletté anche sui nobili di rango più basso e sui loro vassalli. L'autorità del visconte divenne dunque ereditaria ed i visconti entrarono a fare parte dell'aristocrazia.[3]

Molto rapidamente i nobili che si fregiavano del titolo di visconte acquistarono potenza e ricchezza. La Contea del Poitou, creata da Carlo Magno nel 778, era divisa in quattro viscontee fra cui quella gestita dai visconti di Thouars che già nel X secolo iniziarano a aumentare il prestigio della famiglia con abili politiche matrimoniali.[4]

In Inghilterra, il titolo fu attribuito per la prima volta da Enrico VI nel 1440 a John Beaumont (1409-1460) suo consigliere personale e amico.[5] John Beaumont, I Visconte di Beaumont divenne rapidamente uno degli uomini più ricchi e potenti del suo tempo.[6]

Facendo riferimento all'ordinamento del 1943, il titolo di visconte segue quello di conte e precede quello di barone (in tedesco Freiherr).[7]

Nell'araldica italiana e spagnola, la corona di visconte è rappresentata da un cerchio d'oro cimato da cinque punte (3 visibili) sostenenti una perla, alternate da quattro piccole perle (due visibili) o da punte d'oro. Vi sono però altre fogge più o meno tollerate per la corona araldica di visconte.[8]

Note

  1. ^ Regolamento tecnico della Regia consulta araldica, art. 34.
  2. ^ Visconte, su treccani.it. URL consultato il 5 dicembre 2022.
  3. ^ Goffredo di Crollalanza, Enciclopedia araldico cavalleresca: Prontuario nobiliare, Giornale Araldico, 1878, p. 605.
  4. ^ (FR) La question de la succession dans la famille de Thouars, su duguet.pagesperso-orange.fr. URL consultato il 5 dicembre 2022.
  5. ^ Journals of the House of Lords, Volume 102, H.M. Stationery Office, 1870, p. 512.
  6. ^ (EN) FOLKINGHAM under the Beaumonts, su folkingham.com. URL consultato il 5 dicembre 2022.
  7. ^ Ordinamento dello Stato Nobiliare Italiano, R.D. 7 giugno 1943 n.651 - Pubblicato nella Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno del 24 luglio 1943
  8. ^ Roccioso. Araldica gentilizia, Corone di Visconte

Bibliografia

  • Enrico Genta, Titoli nobiliari, in AA.VV., Enciclopedia del diritto. Varese 1992, vol. XLIV, pagg. 674-684.

Predecessore Titoli nobiliari Successore
barone visconte conte

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE4316878-4
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