Rattaui

Statua calcarea di Rattaui, d'epoca tolemaica. Museo del Louvre, Parigi.

«Rattaui che risiede a Tebe, padrona dei Cieli, signora degli dei e delle dee.»

(Tempio di Deir el-Medina)

Rattaui (anche Raettaui o Raet-Taui; in greco: Ratus[1]) è una divinità egizia appartenente alla religione dell'antico Egitto, minore dea solare, aspetto femminile del grande dio-sole Ra[2]. Il nome Rat non è altro che il nome di Ra con il suffisso femminile -t; la versione più lunga Rattaui significa "Rat delle Due Terre" (l'Alto e Basso Egitto).

Storia, culto e iconografia

Comparve per la prima volta durante la V dinastia egizia (XXV - XXIV secolo a.C.) e fu probabilmente la più antica compagna di Ra. Benché fosse invocata quale signora del cielo e degli dei, Rattaui non raggiunse mai l'enorme popolarità della dea Hathor, sposa di Ra in epoche successive (o, in altri miti, sua figlia)[3]. Tuttavia non fu soppiantata e si sono conservati frammenti di inni a Rattaui risalenti al periodo romano dell'Egitto[4].

Rattaui era anche considerata sposa del dio della guerra Montu e presso il centro del culto di quest'ultimo, Medamud (ma anche a Karnak), era venerata come madre all'interno della triade Montu-Rattaui-Arpocrate (Horus bambino)[2][1], ma il suo culto aveva vigore anche a Tod e Tebe, nell'Alto Egitto. Pakhet, una dea leonina, fu associato a Rattaui, mentre, in ambito greco, fu Latona a essere poi comparata a Rattaui[1].

Le raffigurazioni di Rattaui sono estremamente rare. Quando rappresentata, appariva integralmente come donna dal capo sormontato da corna di vacca e dal disco solare; tale copricapo poteva talvolta essere completato dall'ureo o da fiume[3].

Note

  1. ^ a b c Ancient Egyptian gods: Rattawy, su reshafim.org.il. URL consultato l'8 maggio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 gennaio 2015).
  2. ^ a b Geraldine Pinch, Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 147, 166-7, 185., ISBN 978-0-19-517024-5.
  3. ^ a b Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, Londra, Thames & Hudson, 2003, p. 164, ISBN 978-0500051207.
  4. ^ Kockelmann, Holger (2003). "A Roman Period Demotic Manual of Hymns to Rattawy and other Deities (P. Ashm. 1984.76)". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 89.

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