Hôvsgôl nuur

Hôvsgôl nuur
StatoMongolia (bandiera) Mongolia
ProvinciaHôvsgôl
Coordinate51°06′N 100°30′E
Altitudine1.645 m s.l.m.
Dimensioni
Superficie2.760 km²
Lunghezza36,5 km
Larghezza136 km
Profondità massima262 m
Volume480,7 km³
Sviluppo costiero414 km
Idrografia
Bacino idrografico184 000 km²
Emissari principaliĖgijn gol
Mappa di localizzazione: Mongolia
Hôvsgôl nuur
Hôvsgôl nuur
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Il lago Hôvsgôl o Hôvsgôl nuur (mongolo Хөвсгөл нуур; la parola nuur in mongolo significa lago; Khövsgöl nella traslitterazione anglosassone, e ᠺᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠦᠯ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷnella scrittura mongola tradizionale) è un lago della Mongolia e si trova a nord del paese nell'omonima provincia del Hôvsgôl. Localmente è conosciuto anche come Hôvsgôl dalaj (Хөвсгөл далай, oceano Hôvsgôl) o Dalaj Èèž (Далай ээж, oceano madre).

Geografia

È il più grande lago del paese per volume d'acqua e il secondo per superficie. Si trova ai piedi dei monti Saiani Orientali, a un'altitudine di 1.645 m s.l.m. Misura una lunghezza massima di 136 km e 36,5 km nel punto più largo e ha una profondità massima di 262 m. È il secondo più grande bacino d'acqua in Asia e contiene circa il 70% dell'acqua dolce della Mongolia[1]. Ha circa 100 immissari ma un solo emissario, l'Ėgijn gol. L'Hôvsgôl è uno dei diciassette più antichi laghi del pianeta: ha tra i 2 e i 5 milioni di anni[2].

Il lago è circondato da varie catene montuose, la cima più alta (3.491 m), a nord, è il Mônh sar'dag (Мөнх сарьдаг) che si trova esattamente sul confine con la Russia. Alla sua estremità meridionale si trova il villaggio di Hatgal. Sul lago ci sono 4 isole: Modon Khui, Khadan Khui, Dalain Khui e Baga Khui. A nord-ovest del lago vive il popolo degli tsaatan, conosciuti anche come uomini-renna.

Arats mongoli sul lago

Clima

Data la posizione geografica il clima è prevalentemente sub-artico e può raggiungere i - 40 °C d'inverno quando la sua superficie è completamente gelata per quattro mesi, a tal punto che veniva usata come scorciatoia dai camion di trasporto. Ora questa pratica è proibita per impedire l'inquinamento delle acque. Si stima che 30-40 camion siano sprofondati nel lago lungo il corso degli anni[3].

Fauna

Nelle acque del lago si trova il pesce persico (Perca fluviatilis), la bottatrice (Lota lota), la trota lenok (Brachymystax lenok), e l'endemico temolo (Thymallus nigrescens, famiglia: Thymallinae) a rischio d'estinzione.

Tutta l'area del lago fa parte del Parco nazionale del Hôvsgôl ed è zona protetta; è popolata dalla capra sibirica, dall'argali, da cervi, lupi, ghiottoni, moschidi, zibellini, orsi bruni, alci siberiane e renne[4].

Note

  1. ^ " The Aquatic Invertebrates of the watershed of Lake Hovsgol in northern Mongolia". Archiviato il 5 maggio 2014 in Internet Archive. Institute for Mongolia Research Guide. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
  2. ^ worldlakes.org: lake Hovsgol, retrieved 2007-02-27
  3. ^ Mongolia's dark blue pearl Archiviato il 3 febbraio 2010 in Internet Archive.
  4. ^ IUCN Red List:Rangifer tarandus

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