Gustav Münzberger

Gustav Münzberger
NascitaWeißkirchlitz, 17 agosto 1903
Morte23 marzo 1977
Dati militari
Paese servitoGermania (bandiera) Germania nazista
Forza armataSchutzstaffel
UnitàSS-Totenkopfverbände
GradoSS-Unterscharführer
GuerreSeconda guerra mondiale
Comandante dicampo di sterminio di Treblinka
voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia

Gustav Münzberger (Weißkirchlitz, 17 agosto 190323 marzo 1977) è stato un militare tedesco, SS-Unterscharführer responsabile delle camere a gas nel campo di sterminio di Treblinka[1].

Biografia

Nacque a Weißkirchlitz, nei Sudeti, prima del suo coinvolgimento nell'Olocausto, lavorò prima falegname e poi come operaio in fabbrica. Dopo l'invasione nazista tedesca della Polonia, fu inviato come militare nell'agosto 1940 presso il Centro di sterminio di Sonnenstein. Arrivò al campo di sterminio di Treblinka alla fine di settembre 1942 e divenne assistente del vice comandante SS-Oberscharführer Heinrich Matthes.[2]

Treblinka fu costruita durante la fase più mortale della Soluzione Finale, nota come Operazione Reinhard e fu in funzione tra il 23 luglio 1942 e il 19 ottobre 1943.[3] Durante questo periodo furono assassinate più di 800 000 persone tra uomini, donne e bambini,[4][5] con altre stime che superano il milione di vittime.[6][7]

Münzberger fu un operatore delle camere a gas del Totenlager, e in seguito capo della squadra di trasporto di cadaveri del Leichentransportkommando. Il 21 giugno 1943 fu promosso dal grado di SS-Rottenführer al grado di SS-Unterscharführer.

Durante la rivolta di Treblinka del 2 agosto era in vacanza a casa. Dopo la chiusura del campo, fu inviato a Trieste in Italia, alla fine di novembre o all'inizio di dicembre 1943, dove si stava allestendo il centro di sterminio della Risiera di San Sabba.

Münzberger fu arrestato il 13 luglio 1963 in Germania Ovest.[2][8] Fu accusato di crimini di guerra[9] nei processi di Treblinka durati dal 12 ottobre 1964 al 24 agosto 1965 e condannato a 12 anni di reclusione. Scontò sei anni e fu rilasciato per buona condotta nel 1971. Morì sei anni dopo.[10]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Commanders and Staff at Treblinka, su www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. URL consultato il 9 gennaio 2023.
  2. ^ a b (EN) ARC, MÜNZBERGER, Gustav; SS-Unterscharführer, SS-Number: 321 758 (The Treblinka Perpetrators. An overview of the German and Austrian SS and Police Staff), su deathcamps.org, ARC Death Camps.org, 23 settembre 2006. URL consultato l'11 agosto 2014.
  3. ^ (EN) Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, H.E.A.R.T., Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day, su holocaustresearchproject.net. URL consultato l'11 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 22 maggio 2013).
  4. ^ (EN) Staff writer, The number of victims, su treblinka.bho.pl, Muzeum Treblinka, Extermination Camp, 4 febbraio 2010. URL consultato il 25 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 ottobre 2013).
  5. ^ (EN) Donald L. Niewyk e Francis R. Nicosia, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 210, ISBN 0-231-11200-9.
  6. ^ Alexander Donat (a cura di), The Death Camp Treblinka: A Documentary, New York, 1979, LOC 79-53471. Ospitato su Holocaust Library.
  7. ^ (PL) Franciszek Ząbecki, Wspomnienia dawne i nowe, Warsaw, PAX Association Publishing, 1977.
  8. ^ (EN) Chris Webb & C.L., The Perpetrators Speak (Belzec, Sobibor & Treblinka Death Camps), su holocaustresearchproject.org, 2007. URL consultato l'11 agosto 2014.
  9. ^ (DE) Treblinka Prozeß, su www.tenhumbergreinhard.de. URL consultato il 9 gennaio 2023.
  10. ^ (EN) S.J., First Treblinka Trial, su holocaustresearchproject.org, 2007. URL consultato il 26 aprile 2016.

Bibliografia

  • Adalbert Rückerl (a cura di), NS-Vernichtungslager im Spiegel deutscher Strafprozesse (Nazi Extermination Camps mirrored by German Criminal Trials), Munich, 1977, pp. 81–.
  • Marcello Pezzetti, Bruno Vespa e Sara Berger (a cura di), I ghetti nazisti, Roma, Gangemi Editore, 2012, pp. 229-230, ISBN 978-88-492-7311-3.

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