Guccio di Mannaia

Guccio di Mannaia (XIII secoloXIV secolo) è stato un orafo italiano del periodo medioevale.

Calice di Guccio di Mannaia, 1290 circa.

La sua opera più conosciuta è il calice commissionato da Papa Niccolò IV per la Basilica di San Francesco in Assisi. Il calice, considerato un capolavoro di oreficeria, contiene i primi smalti traslucidi esistenti usando la tecnica basse-taille.[1][2]

Biografia

È documentato per la prima volta il 5 luglio 1292 in un pagamento per un atto notarile in cui ci si riferisce come: "Guccio Mannaiae aurifici". Circa tre pagamenti per atti notarili sono registrati nel 1º gennaio 1294, 4 settembre 1298 e 7 luglio 1318. Nel 1311, Guccio fu iscritto nella corporazione degli orafi senesi.[3] Fu influsso da Pace di Valentino, un altro orafo sinese, che lavorava nella corte papale.[4] Il suo fratello (Pino) e i suoi tre figli (Montigiano, Mannaia, and Jacopo) erano anche orafi.[5] È certo che è stato attivo fino al 1322, ma era morto prima di 1329.[6]

Il calice

La sua sola opera accertata è il calice (in argento dorato e smalto traslucido, alto 220 mm) conservato del Museo del Tesoro della basilica di San Francesco ad Assisi, realizzato tra il 1288 e il 1292 per papa Niccolò IV e donato a San Francesco di Assisi. Sul gambo c'è scritto: NICCHOLAVS PAPA QUARTVS / GVCCIVS MANAIE DE SENIS FECIT. Il calice è il più antico esempio di "Basse taille" in Europa, precedendo il primo esempio francese di 30 anni. Il calice è decorato con 80 smalti di cui due mancano,[7] ordinati dalla base al gambo per formare un programma iconografico relativo all'eucaristia. La base è decorata con 32 placche, ciascuna incorniciata da una fascia di perle, attraverso cui sono lavorate foglie battute. La più bassa delle placche quadrilobi rappresenta la Crocifissione e alcuni mezzi busti della Vergine, San Giovanni Battista, San Francesco, Santa Chiara, Sant'Antonio da Padova la Vergine e il Bimbo e un Papa (Nicola IV). Le placche più piccole rappresentano i simboli dell'Evangelista e vari animali. Il bocciolo otto volte sfaccettato ha medaglioni di smalto circolari di Cristo il Redentore e sette mezzi busti degli apostoli. Il calice era senza precedenti immediati e non è mai stato superato tecnicamente. Le linee fluide degli smalti ricordano le "illuminazioni" del Maestro Honoré e dei suoi apprendisti sui manoscritti francesi contemporanei.

Altre opere

Altre opere attribuite a lui sono considerate in base al confronto del calice, e si trovano nei musei in Firenze, Siena, Parigi, e Berlino.[8]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Colum Hourihane, The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, vol. 1, OUP USA, 6 dicembre 2012, p. 93, ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
  2. ^ (EN) Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Splendori Di Assisi. Capolavori Dal Museo Della Basilica Di San Francesco. Catalogo Della Mostra (1998-99). Ediz. Inglese., a cura di Giovanni Morello, Electa, 1º gennaio 1999, p. 182, ISBN 978-88-435-6932-8.
  3. ^ (EN) Colum Hourihane, The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, OUP USA, 6 dicembre 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5. URL consultato il 31 dicembre 2016.
  4. ^ GUCCIO di Mannaia in "Dizionario Biografico", su treccani.it. URL consultato l'11 gennaio 2017.
  5. ^ Maria Monica Donato, Opere firmate nell’arte italiana / Medioevo (PDF), su arca.unive.it, 2012, p. 19.
  6. ^ Elisabetta Cioni, Guccio di Mannaia e l'oreficeria senese del XIIII secolo, in Flavia Callori di Vignale e Ulderico Santamaria (a cura di), Il Calice di Guccio di Mannaia, Città del Vaticano, Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 2014, pp. 51-52, ISBN 978-88-8271-330-0.
  7. ^ Bemporad, Dora Liscia, Il miracolo di Assisi: Collana storico-artistica della basilica e del sacro convento di S. Francesco-Assisi - 3: Il tesoro della basilica di san francesco ad assisi, Assisi, Casa editrice francescana, 1980, pp. 123-125.
  8. ^ (EN) Gordon Campbell, The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 1º gennaio 2006, p. 457, ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3.

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