Francesco Solano

San Francesco Solano
San Francesco Solano in un dipinto attribuito a Pedro Diaz
 

Sacerdote e missionario

 
NascitaMontilla, 10 marzo 1549
MorteLima, 14 luglio 1610 (61 anni)
Venerato daChiesa cattolica
Beatificazione30 giugno 1675 da papa Clemente X
Canonizzazione27 dicembre 1726 da papa Benedetto XIII
Ricorrenza14 luglio
Patrono diArgentina, Cile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Perù, Montilla
Manuale

Francesco Solano, in spagnolo Francisco (Montilla, 10 marzo 1549 – Lima, 14 luglio 1610), è stato un religioso dell'Ordine dei Frati minori osservanti, missionario presso gl'indios del Cile, di Panama e del Perù; è stato proclamato santo da papa Benedetto XIII il 27 dicembre 1726.

Biografia

Nacque a Montilla, appartenente alla diocesi di Cordova in Spagna. I suoi genitori, Matteo Sánchez Solano e Anna Jiménez erano di nobili origini.

All'età di vent'anni Francesco entrò a far parte dell'ordine francescano a Montilla e dopo la sua ordinazione, passati parecchi anni, fu inviato dai suoi superiori al convento di Arifazza come guida dei seminaristi.

Nel 1589 lasciò la Spagna alla volta del Nuovo Mondo e, approdato a Panama, attraversò l'istmo e si imbarcò sul battello che doveva condurlo in Perù.

La sua faticosa missione nel Sudamerica durò più di vent'anni nei quali si distinse nell'evangelizzazione delle regioni del Tucumán e del Paraguay; il suo successo gli valse l'appellativo di Taumaturgo del Nuovo Mondo.

Apprese i molti e complessi idiomi parlati dagli Indios in breve tempo; la leggenda racconta che spesso parlasse a tribù di lingua diversa utilizzando un unico linguaggio che veniva compreso da tutti.

Oltre ad occuparsi attivamente dell'opera di evangelizzazione, ricoprì la carica di rettore dei conventi del suo ordine in Tucumán e Paraguay e fu eletto successivamente Superiore del monastero francescano di Lima in Perù.

Nel 1610 mentre pregava a Truxillo dichiarò che una calamità avrebbe colpito quella città. Otto anni dopo fu distrutta da un terremoto e la maggior parte della popolazione morì a causa dei crolli. La sua morte fu causa di un generale sconforto tra i cattolici peruviani.

Nel sermone funebre della sua sepoltura, padre Sebastiani, S.J., disse che

«la Divina Provvidenza ha scelto Padre Francio Solanus perché fosse la speranza e la crescita spirituale dell'intero Perù, l'esempio e la gloria di Lima e lo splendore dell'ordine serafico»

Culto

Fu beatificato da Clemente X il 30 giugno 1675 e canonizzato da Benedetto XIII il 27 dicembre 1726. È patrono del Cile, di Panamá, di Lima e delle missioni francescane.

Il suo elogio si legge nel Martirologio Romano al 14 luglio; la sua memoria viene celebrato da tutto l'ordine francescano il 24 luglio.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) St. Francis Solanus, in Catholic Encyclopedia, New York, Encyclopedia Press, 1913.
  • Life of St. Francis Solanus, New York, 1888 LEO.
  • Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis, Taunton, 1886. II 509-522; Acta SS., July, V, 847-901.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 50027239 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 6137 4242 · CERL cnp00546125 · ULAN (EN) 500353946 · LCCN (EN) n81134064 · GND (DE) 119056542 · BNE (ES) XX1131420 (data)
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