Ferdinando Paër (Parma, 1º luglio 1771 – Parigi, 3 maggio 1839) è stato un compositore italiano.
La sua famiglia era di origine tedesca, suo padre era figlio di un musicista austriaco, Michael Pär, che era venuto a Parma con una banda del reggimento[1]. Ricevette i primi insegnamenti musicali dal padre Giulio Paer, cornista nell'orchestra del teatro di Corte del Ducato di Parma e Piacenza. Studiò poi con il violoncellista Gaspare Ghiretti, allievo del Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini di Napoli, e con Gian Francesco Fortunati, maestro di cembalo e di canto. La sua prima opera, La locanda dei vagabondi, fu pubblicata nel 1789, quando egli aveva appena 18 anni; seguì l'anno successivo I pretendenti burlati.
Nell'autunno 1792 fu messa in scena a Parma la sua prima opera, Il tempo fa giustizia a tutti, che ottenne un discreto successo. La sua fama si diffuse rapidamente nella penisola: si recò a Venezia dove presentò La Circe (1793), fu nominato maestro di cappella onorario della corte di Parma. Nel 1797 si recò a Vienna, dove venne nominato Kapellmeister del Teatro di Porta Carinzia: lì conobbe la cantante Francesca Riccardi, che l'anno successivo divenne sua moglie.
Nel 1801 si recò a Dresda, dove produsse Achille e Leonora (sullo stesso soggetto del Fidelio di Ludwig van Beethoven). Nel 1806 Napoleone assistette a Dresda all'Achille e apprezzò a tal punto l'opera che volle assicurarsi i servigi di Paër come "compositore di corte di Sua Maestà Imperiale" per 28.000 franchi e nel 1812 lo nominò successore di Gaspare Spontini come direttore del Théâtre-Italien di Parigi fino al 1827.
Tale incarico gli venne confermato anche con la Restaurazione del 1815 (in seguito, nel 1832, venne nominato direttore della cappella del re). Lasciata la Riccardi, si era unito alla cantante Angelica Catalani.
Nel 1827 si ritirò definitivamente dal Théâtre-Italien (al suo posto subentrò Gioachino Rossini dopo una rivalità durata qualche anno) e si dedicò all'insegnamento di composizione (fra i suoi allievi vi fu anche il giovane Franz Liszt).
Nel 1835 tenne l'orazione funebre ai funerali di Vincenzo Bellini, e alla sua morte gli vennero tributate esequie solenni.
Paër compose tra il 1791 e il 1816 almeno 55 opere, oltre a 9 composizioni sacre, 13 cantate, brani orchestrali e da camera. Inizialmente si ispirò allo stile italiano di Paisiello e Cimarosa, in seguito fu influenzato dagli arricchimenti armonici, strumentali e drammatici di Mozart[2]: infatti Paër, tra i predecessori di Rossini, si distinse per il suo cosmopolitismo, l'eleganza, la fedeltà al bel canto, uniti ad un raro gusto melodico ed arricchiti da un'armonia originale e da una strumentazione piuttosto attenta[3]. Può quindi essere ritenuto uno dei principali compositori di opera-comique del suo periodo[4].
Altri progetti
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