Erinnyis oenotrus

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Erinnyis oenotrus
Erinnyis oenotrus ♂
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumTracheata
SuperclasseHexapoda
ClasseInsecta
SottoclassePterygota
CoorteEndopterygota
SuperordineOligoneoptera
SezionePanorpoidea
OrdineLepidoptera
SottordineGlossata
InfraordineHeteroneura
DivisioneDitrysia
SuperfamigliaBombycoidea
FamigliaSphingidae
SottofamigliaMacroglossinae
TribùDilophonotini
SottotribùDilophonotina
GenereErinnyis
SpecieE. oenotrus
Nomenclatura binomiale
Erinnyis oenotrus
(Cramer, 1780)
Sinonimi

Anceryx piperis
Boisduval, 1875
Dilophonota hippothoon
Burmeister, 1878
Erinnyis melancholica
Grote, 1865
Sphinx oenotrus
Cramer, 1780
Sphinx penaeus
Fabricius, 1787

Erinnyis oenotrus (Cramer, 1780)[1] è un lepidottero appartenente alla famiglia Sphingidae, diffuso in America Settentrionale, Centrale e Meridionale.

Descrizione

Adulto

L'ala anteriore risulta bruno-nerastra superiormente, con disegni grigi similari a quelli di E. crameri; tuttavia qui le aree chiare sono meno estese. È presente una zona pseudotriangolare più pallida a livello dell'apex. Nella femmina l'ala mostra geometrie nere su fondo bianco-grigiastro.[2][3]
La pagina superiore dell'ala posteriore è di un colore arancione, più sfumato verso la zona basale; la fascia submarginale appare marrone, con un'area chiara in corrispondenza dell'angolo anale, così come in E. lassauxii f. merianae.[2][3]
La pagina inferiore delle ali si presenta marroncina in ambo i sessi.[2][3]
La parte inferiore dei palpi, del torace e dell'addome è più chiara rispetto ad E. crameri, e sugli sterniti addomiinali sono presenti due piccole macchie nere.[3]
Le antenne sono filiformi e appena uncinate alle estremità, con una lunghezza pari a circa la metà della costa.[2][4]
Nel genitale maschile, la harpe si mostra molto variabile sia in lunghezza, sia in larghezza, con una parte apicale lievemente ricurva, ed una punta smussata e triangolare.[3]
L'apertura alare va da 73 a 86 mm.[4]

  • Erinnyis oenotrus♀
    Erinnyis oenotrus♀
  • Erinnyis oenotrus♀ △
    Erinnyis oenotrus♀ △

Larva

Il bruco ricorda molto quello di E. ello e può presentarsi in due forme cromaticamente distinte: una verde brillante ed una marroncina con striature grigiastre. Il cornetto caudale è molto ridotto ed assume una forma a "flap".[2][4]

Pupa

La crisalide è anoica, lucida e giallo-arancione, con striature nere sulla parte dorsale, macchie nere nella parte ventrale ed un cremaster poco sviluppato. Si può rinvenire entro un bozzolo posto a scarsa profondità nella lettiera del sottobosco. La fase pupale dura circa quattordici giorni.[2][4]

Localizzazione geografica del Suriname, locus typicus della specie

Distribuzione e habitat

L'areale di questa specie si estende a cavallo tra l'ecozona neotropicale, e quella neartica, comprendendo l'Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Tucumán), la Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz), il Brasile (Mato Grosso), la Colombia, la Costa Rica, Cuba, l'Ecuador, la Giamaica, la Guadalupa, il Guatemala, il Messico, il Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Amambay, Boquerón, Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Caazapá, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro), il Perù, Porto Rico, la Repubblica Dominicana, gli Stati Uniti (occasionalmente Florida, Texas meridionale), il Suriname, li Venezuela.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

L'habitat è rappresentato da foreste tropicali, dal livello del mare fino a zone collinari.[4]

Biologia

Secondo frontespizio del primo volume del "De uitlandsche kapellen: voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America", dell'entomologo olandese Pieter Cramer (1721-1776), che per primo descrisse la specie[1]
Infiorescenza di Saponaria officinalis

Durante l'accoppiamento, le femmine richiamano i maschi grazie ad un feromone rilasciato da una ghiandola, posta all'estremità dell'addome.[4]

Periodo di volo

Gli adulti sono rinvenibili tutto l'anno nella fascia tropicale dell'areale, mentre si possono occasionalmente catturare più a nord, solo nei mesi estivi.[4]

Alimentazione

Gli adulti si nutrono, durante la notte, del nettare di varie specie tra cui Saponaria officinalis L. (Saponaria, Caryophyllaceae):[4]

I bruchi attaccano le foglie di membri delle Apocynaceae, tra cui Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G. Mey.[2][4][5]

Tassonomia

Sottospecie

Allo stato attuale non sono riconosciute sottospecie.[2][3][4][5]

Sinonimi

Sono stati riportati cinque sinonimi:[3][5]

  • Anceryx piperis Boisduval, 1875 - Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères, 1: 131 (sinonimo eterotipico)[7]
  • Dilophonota hippothoon Burmeister, 1878 - Descr. phys. Rép. Arg. 5: 333. - Locus typicus: vicinanze di Buenos Aires (sinonimo eterotipico)[8]
  • Erinnyis melancholica Grote, 1865 Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5: 77, pl. 2, f. 4, - Locus typicus; Cuba (sinonimo eterotipico)[9]
  • Sphinx oenotrus Cramer, 1780 - Uitl. Kapellen 4 (25-26a): pl. 301, f. C, (index) 251 - Locus typicus: Suriname (sinonimo omotipico; basionimo)[1]
  • Sphinx penaeus Fabricius, 1787 - Mantissa insectorum 2: 93. - Locus typicus: America meridionale (sinonimo eterotipico)[10]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d Pieter Cramer, De uitlandsche kapellen: voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America = Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde, l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amérique 4 (25-26a): 1-28, pl. 289-304, 1780.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bernard D'Abrera, Sphingidae Mundi. Hawk Moths of the World. Based on a Checklist by Alan Hayes and the collection he curated in the British Museum (Natural History), 1ª ed., Faringdon, Oxon., SN7 7DR United Kingdom, E.W. Classey Ltd., 1986, pp. 98-99, ISBN 0860960226.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h CATE Creating a Taxonomic e-science, su cate-sphingidae.org. URL consultato il 10 ottobre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 novembre 2012).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Silkmoths, su silkmoths.bizland.com. URL consultato il 10 ottobre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 aprile 2014).
  5. ^ a b c d Funet, su ftp.ipv6.funet.fi. URL consultato il 10 ottobre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 maggio 2014).
  6. ^ INRA, su inra.fr. URL consultato il 10 ottobre 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 ottobre 2007).
  7. ^ Jean Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres Hétérocéres. Tome Premier. Sphingides, Sésiides, Castnides 1 : 1-568, pl. 1-11, Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, 1875.
  8. ^ Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister, Description physique de la République Argentine d'après des observations personelles et étrangeres. Lépidoptères. Première partie. Contenant les diurnes, crépusculaires et bombycoïdes 5: 333, 1878.
  9. ^ Augustus Radcliffe Grote, Notes on Cuban Sphingidae - Proceedings of Entomological Society of Philadelphia 5: 77, pl. 2, f. 4, Philadelphia, Entomological Society Press, 1865.
  10. ^ Johan Christian Fabricius, Mantissa insectorum : sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus 2: 93, 1787.

Bibliografia

  • Boisduval, 1859 - [communications] Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 7 : cliv-clvii,[154-157],clvii-clviii,[157-158]
  • Boisduval, 1870 - Considerations sur des Lépidoptères envoyés du Guatemala à M. de l'Orza Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 100pp
  • Butler, 1881 - Notes on some North American Lepidoptera Papilio 1 (7): 103-106, (8): 128-132, (9): 168-171, (11): 220-223
  • (EN) Capinera, J. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4 voll., 2nd Ed., Dordrecht, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2008, pp. lxiii + 4346, ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1, LCCN 2008930112, OCLC 837039413.
  • Carcasson, R.H. & J.B. Heppner, 1996 - Sphingoidea. 118. Sphingidae. In: Heppner, J.B. (Ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist: 4B. Drepanoidea - Bombycoidea - Sphingoidea. Association of Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 87pp
  • Cramer, [1777] - Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)
  • Cramer, [1779]; Cramer, [1780] - Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779) (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]) (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)
  • Druce in Godman & Salvin, 1881 - Biologia Centrali-Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Mexico and Central America. Zoology. Lepidoptera. Heterocera Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Heterocera 1: 1-490, 3: pl. 1-101
  • Drury, [1770] - Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1 : 1-130, pl. 1-50 (1770), (1773)
  • Fabricius, 1775 - Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Syst. Ent.: 832pp
  • Geyer, [1829] - Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 3 ([1827] - [1838]) in Hübner, Samml. exot. Schmett. 3 : pl. [9], [11], [21], [26-27], [32], [43], [45] (1827), : pl. [7], [13], [35], [42] (1828), : pl. [20], [22], [37-38] (1829), : pl. [17], [24], [41], [49] (1830), : pl. [30] (1831), : pl. [25], [28], [31], [44], [50-51] (1832), : pl. [5-6], [14-16], [29], [48], [52] (1833), : pl. [1], [12], [18] (1834), : pl. [2-4], [10], [19], [23], [39], [46] (1835), : pl. [40] (1836-1837), : pl. [8], [33-34], [36], [47], [53] (1838)
  • Grote, 1867 - Remarks on the Sphingidae of Cuba, and Description of a New Species of Ambulyx from Brazil Ann. Lyc. nat. Hist. N.Y. 8 : 195-207
  • Grote & Robinson, 1865 - A synonymical catalogue of North American Sphingidae, with notes and descriptions Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5 : 149-193, pl. 1-3
  • Grote & Robinson, 1868 - Notes on the North American Lepidoptera in the British Museum and described by Mr. Francis Walker Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 2 : 67-88
  • Haxaire, J. & J.-Y. Rasplus, 1987 - Contribution à la connaissance des Sphingidae de Guyane Française. 1re partie [Lep.]. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 91: 275-285
  • Hodges, Ronald W., 1971 - The Moths of America North of Mexico; Fascicle 21; SPHINGOIDEA
  • Hübner, [1819] - Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816) (2): 17-32 (1819) (3): 33-48 (1819) (4): 49-64 (1819) (5): 65-80 (1819) (6): 81-96 (1819) (7): 97-112 (1819) (8): 113-128 (1819) (9): 129-144 (1819) (10): 145-160 (1819) (11): 161-176 (1819) (12): 177-192 (1820) (13): 193-208 (1820) (14): 209-224 (1821) (15): 225-240 (1821) (16): 241-256 (1821) (17): 257-272 (1823) (18): 273-288 (1823) (19): 289-304 (1823) (20): 305-320 (1825) (21): 321-336 (1825) (22): 337-352 (1825) (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
  • Kitching & Cadiou, 2000 - Hawkmoths of the World; An annotated and illustrated revisionary checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). 256 pp.; Comstock Publishing Associates - Ithaca; ISBN 978-0-8014-3734-2
  • (EN) Kükenthal, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology, Band 4: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta - Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, a cura di Kristensen, N. P., collana Handbuch der Zoologie, Fischer, M. (Scientific Editor), Teilband/Part 35: Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography, Berlino, New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1999 [1998], pp. x + 491, ISBN 978-3-11-015704-8, OCLC 174380917.
  • Landman Wijbren, 2001 - The Complete Encyclopedia of Moths. 272 pp.; Grange Books; ISBN 1-84013-409-7
  • Lewis, H.L., 1974 - Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0-245-52097-X
  • Linnaeus, 1758 - Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
  • Lucas, 1857 - Historia física política y natural de la Isla de Cuba. (Lepidópteros) in Sagra, Hist. fis. pol. nat. Isla Cuba (2) 7 : 474-750, pl. 14-17 (French Edition) (1857), : 202-313, pl. 14-17 (1857)
  • Opler Paul, Pavulaan Harry, Stanford Ray, Pogue Michael - Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
  • Opler & Warren, 2003 - Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.
  • Schaus, 1898 - Note on American Sphingidae. - II Ent. News. 9 (6) : 134-136
  • (EN) Scoble, M. J., The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, seconda edizione, London, Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum, 2011 [1992], pp. xi, 404, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9, LCCN 92004297, OCLC 25282932.
  • Sepp, [1848] - Natuurlijke Historie van Surinaamsche Vlinders, naar het leven geteekend. Papillons de Surinam dessinés d'après nature Surinaam. Vlinders 1 (1): 1-16, pl. 1-4 ([1829]), 1 (2): 17-24, pl. 5-8 ([1829]), 1 (3): 25-32, pl. 9-12 ([1830]), 1 (4): 33-40, pl. 13-16 ([1830]), 1 (5): 41-48, pl. 17-20 ([1832]), 1 (6): 49-56, pl. 21-24 ([1832-1840]), 1 (7): 57-64, pl. 25-28 ([1832-1840]), 1 (8): 65-72, pl. 29-32 ([1840]), 1 (9): 73-80, pl. 33-36 ([1841]), 1 (10): 81-88, pl. 37-40 ([1841]), 1 (11): 89-96, pl. 41-44 ([1842]), 1 (12): 97-104, pl. 45-48 ([1842]), 1 (13): i-viii, 105-108, pl. 49-50 ([1843]), 2 (13): 109-112, pl. 51-52 ([1843]), 2 (14): 113-120, pl. 53-56 ([1843]), 2 (15): 121-128, pl. 57-60 ([1844]), 2 (16): 129-136, pl. 61-64 ([1844]), 2 (17): 137-144, pl. 65-68 ([1845]), 2 (18): 145-152, pl. 69-72 ([1845]), 2 (19): 169-176, pl. 73-76 ([1845]), 2 (20): 177-184, pl. 77-80 ([1846]), 2 (21): 185-192, pl. 81-84 ([1847]), 2 (22): 193-200, pl. 85-88 ([1846]), 2 (23): 201-208, pl. 89-92 ([1847]), 2 (24): 209-216, pl. 93-96 ([1847]), 2 (25): i-iv, 217-224, pl. 97-100 ([1847]) , 3 (26): 225-232, pl. 101-104 ([1848]), 3 (27): 233-240, pl. 105-108 ([1848]), 3 (28): 241-248, pl. 109-112 ([1848]), 3 (29): 249-256, pl. 113-116 ([1849]), 3 (30): 257-264, pl. 117-120 ([1849]), 3 (31): 265-272, pl. 121-124 ([1850]), 3 (32): 273-280, pl. 125-128 ([1850]), 3 (33): 281-288, pl. 129-132 ([1851]), 3 (34): 289-296, pl. 133-136 ([1851]), 3 (35): 297-304, pl. 137-140 ([1851]), 3 (36): 305-312, pl. 141-144 ([1851]), 3 (37): 313-320, pl. 145-148 ([1852]), 3 (38): i-viii, 321-328, pl. 149-152 ([1852])
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Docking facility for a ferry Tug-propelled Dartmouth ferry barge with integral ramp at each end BC Ferries Dock seen from the ship about to dock A ferry slip is a specialized docking facility that receives a ferryboat or train ferry. A similar structure called a barge slip receives a barge or car float that is used to carry wheeled vehicles across a body of water. Often a ferry intended for motor vehicle transport will carry its own adjustable ramp - when elevated it acts as a wave guard and ...

 

Лаппо-Данилевський Олександр Сергійович

Лаппо-Данилевський Олександр СергійовичНародився 15 (27) січня 1863Верхньодніпровський повіт, Катеринославська губернія, Російська імперіяПомер 7 лютого 1919(1919-02-07)[1] (56 років)Петроград, Російська СФРР[1]·сепсисПоховання Державний історико-меморіальний Лук'янівськи�...

 

بابور (سطيف)

بابور   خريطة البلدية الإحداثيات 36°29′25″N 5°32′24″E / 36.4904°N 5.5399°E / 36.4904; 5.5399   تقسيم إداري  البلد  الجزائر  ولاية ولاية سطيف  دائرة دائرة بابور عاصمة لـ دائرة بابور  خصائص جغرافية  المجموع 150 كم2 (60 ميل2) عدد السكان (2008 [1])  المجموع 15٬762 ...

Treaty of Versailles (1871)

Preliminary treaty to end the Franco-Prussian war Treaty of Versailles1871 Imperial Law Gazette of GermanyTypeBilateral treatySigned26 February 1871 (1871-02-26)LocationParis, FranceOriginalsignatories  Germany  France Ratifiers  Germany  France LanguageFrench The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers of the Third French Republic and Otto von Bismarck of the newly-formed German Empire on 26 February 1871....

 

Femonationalism

Association between nationalism and some feminist ideas with xenophobic motivations The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim co...

 

Chen Jin (badminton)

Chinese badminton player In this Chinese name, the family name is Chen. Badminton playerChen Jin陈金Personal informationCountryChinaBorn (1986-01-10) 10 January 1986 (age 38)Handan, Hebei, ChinaHeight1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)[1]Weight72 kg (159 lb) [1]Years active2003–2013HandednessRightMen's singlesCareer record291 wins, 90 lossesHighest ranking2 (1 February 2007) Medal record Men's badminton Representing  China Olympic Games 2008 Beijing ...

Turks in Germany

Ethnic group in Germany Ethnic group Turks in GermanyAlmanya'daki TürklerDeutschtürkenTotal population1.3 million with Turkish citizenship (Statistical Office of the European Union 2023)[1] 2.9 million with a migration background from Turkey (including other ethnic groups) (2015 microcensus)[2]Regions with significant populationsNorth Rhine-WestphaliaStuttgartMunichBerlinFrankfurtHanoverNurembergHamburgMainzLanguagesTurkish, German, EnglishReligionMostly Sunni Muslim, partly...

 

معاهدة سيفر

معاهدة سيفرمعاهدة السلام بين الدولة العثمانية وبين الحلفاء وشركائهم.تقسيم تركيا العثمانية وفقا لمعاهدة سيفر المجهضةمعلومات عامةالنوع معاهدة سلام — معاهدة متعددة الأطراف نسبة التسمية سيفر التوقيع 10 أغسطس 1920الموقعون دول المركز  الدولة العثمانية دول الحلفاء فرنسا إ...