Aculepeira carbonaria

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Aculepeira carbonaria
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineAraneomorphae
SuperfamigliaAraneoidea
FamigliaAraneidae
SottofamigliaAraneinae
TribùAraneini
GenereAculepeira
SpecieA. carbonaria
Nomenclatura binomiale
Aculepeira carbonaria
(L. Koch, 1869)
Sinonimi

Epeira carbonaria
L. Koch, 1869
Araneus carbonarius
Lessert, 1910b
Aranea carbonaria
Drensky, 1943
Araneus victoria
Hu & Li, 1987a

Aculepeira carbonaria (L. Koch, 1869) è un ragno appartenente alla famiglia Araneidae.

Etimologia

Il nome proprio deriva dall'aggettivo latino carbonarius, cioè del colore del carbone, con riferimento alla colorazione di fondo, grigio cenere, e ai bordi del disegno bianco sull'opistosoma, marcatamente neri.

Caratteristiche

La lunghezza totale delle zampe dei tre esemplari femminili esaminati nello studio in nota è di 14,12 mm per il primo paio; 13,07 mm per il secondo paio; 8,07 mm per il terzo paio e 11,68 per il quarto paio[1].

Le femmine hanno lunghezza del corpo totale di 7,57-8,65 mm[1].

Il colore di fondo è grigio cinerino, sul dorso è ben visibile un disegno di colore bianco contornato di nero simile ad una foglia di quercia[2].

Etologia

Predilige i conoidi di deiezione dove costruisce la sua tela fra grossi blocchi di pietre. Riveste la parte centrale della tela di fitti peli bianchi in una struttura concava dove si adagia per la maggior parte del tempo, in attesa. Se disturbato, si lascia cadere al suolo e si disperde fra i sassi, per poi ritornare alla tela in un momento successivo.[2]

Distribuzione

La specie è stata reperita sulle Alpi, in Europa meridionale, in Turchia; in Russia (dalla parte europea all'Asia centrale), in Kazakistan e in Cina[3].

Tassonomia

Al 2021 è riconosciuta come valida una sola sottospecie[3]:

  • Aculepeira carbonaria sinensis (Schenkel, 1953) - Cina

Dal 2008 non sono stati esaminati nuovi esemplari[3].

Nomen dubium

La sottospecie Aculepeira carbonaria fulva Franganillo, 1913; esemplare femminile, reperito in Spagna e originariamente ascritto all'ex-genere Epeira, a seguito di un lavoro di Breitling et al., (2016b), è da ritenersi nomen dubium[3].

Note

  1. ^ a b Kadir Kunt, Ersen Yagmur e Erman Tezcan, Three new records for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Araneidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae)., in Serket, 11(2), 2008, pp. 55-61.
  2. ^ a b Heiko Bellmann, Guida ai ragni d'Europa, Roma, Franco Muzzio Editore, 2011, pp. 150-151, ISBN 9788874132393.
  3. ^ a b c d The world spider catalog, Aculepeira carbonaria

Bibliografia

  • Koch, L., 1869 - Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachnidenfauna Tirols. Zeitschrift des Ferdinandeums für Tirol und Vorarlberg n.(3) vol.14, pp.149-206. PDF
  • Simon, E., 1874a - Les arachnides de France. Paris vol.1, pp.1-272. PDF
  • Kulczynski, W., 1901b - Arachnoidea. In: Horvath, G. (ed.) Zoologische Ergebnisse der dritten asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy. Budapest vol.2, pp.311-369 PDF
  • Lessert, R. de, 1910b - Catalogue des invertebres de la Suisse. Fasc. 3, Araignées. Musée d'histoire naturelle de Genève, pp.1-635 PDF
  • Simon, E., 1929 - Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 3e partie. Paris vol.6, pp.533-772 PDF
  • Chamberlin, R.V. & Ivie, W., 1942a - A hundred new species of American spiders. Bulletin of the University of Utah vol.32, n.(13), pp.1-117. PDF
  • Drensky, P., 1943 - Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. VI. Unterordnung Arachnomorphae, II Gruppe Trionichia, Familie Euetrioidae. Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sophia vol.16: pp.219-254. PDF (in russo)
  • Levi, H. W., 1977b - The orb-weaver genera Metepeira, Kaira and Aculepeira in America north of Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology vol.148: pp.185-238. PDF
  • Hu, J. L. & Li, A. H., 1987a - The spiders collected from the fields and the forests of Xizang Autonomous Region, China. (1). Agricultural Insects, Spiders, Plant Diseases and Weeds of Xizang vol.1: pp.315-392. PDF
  • Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W., 1991 - Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543pp. PDF
  • Thaler, K., 1991b - Pachygnatha terilis n.sp. aus den Südalpen, mit Bemerkungen zu einigen Araneidae der Alpenländer (Arachnida: Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck vol.78: pp.47-57. PDF
  • Hu, J.L., 2001 - Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 658pp. PDF in cinese
  • Kunt, K. B., Yağmur, E. A. & Tezcan, E., 2008 - Three new records for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Araneidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae). Serket vol.11: pp.55-61. PDF
  • Heiko Bellmann, Guida ai ragni d'Europa, Roma, Franco Muzzio Editore, 2011, pp. 150-151, ISBN 9788874132393. (Aculepeira carbonaria)
  • Breitling, R., Bauer, T., Schäfer, M., Morano, E., Barrientos, J.A. & Blick, T., 2016b - Phantom spiders 2: More notes on dubious spider species from Europe. Arachnologische Mitteilungen/Arachnology Letters vol.52, pp.50-77. PDF

Altri progetti

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