Bandaríkjaþing

Þinghús Bandaríkjaþings í Washington D.C.

Bandaríkjaþing (enska: United States Congress) er löggjafarþing Bandaríkjanna. Þingið starfar í tveimur deildum, efri deildin nefnist öldungadeild en neðri fulltrúadeild. Í fulltrúadeildinni sitja 435 þingmenn (auk 6 fulltrúa sem ekki hafa atkvæðisrétt) sem kjörnir úr einmenningskjördæmum til tveggja ára í senn. Þingmenn fulltrúadeildar skiptast á milli fylkja í samræmi við íbúafjölda þeirra. Áheyrnafulltrúar koma frá höfuðborginni Washington D.C., Bandarísku Samóa, Bandarísku Jómfrúaeyjum, Gvam og Norður-Maríanaeyjum, auk eins fastafulltrúa frá Púertó Ríkó sem er kosinn til fjögurra ára. Í öldungadeildinni sitja 100 þingmenn eða tveir frá hverju fylki, þeir eru kjörnir til 6 ára í senn en kosið er á tveggja ára fresti um þriðjung sæta í deildinni.

Samkvæmt stjórnarskrá Bandaríkjanna hvílir allt löggjafarvald á alríkisstiginu hjá þinginu, það hefur þó aðeins forræði yfir þeim málaflokkum sem sérstaklega eru taldir upp í stjórnarskránni en allir aðrir málaflokkar eru á forræði fylkjanna. Á meðal málaflokka sem eru á forræði þingsins eru viðskipti milli fylkja og við erlend ríki, leggja á skatta (á alríkisstigi, fylki og sveitarfélög innheimta einnig skatta), alríkisdómstólar, varnarmál og stríðsyfirlýsingar.

Þinghúsið hefur verið skemmt í stríðinu 1812 þegar Bretar réðust á höfuðborgina og árið 2021 þegar stuðningsmenn Donald Trump réðust þangað inn.

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