Thermae

Pada zaman Romawi kuno, thermae (dari bahasa Yunani θερμός thermos, "panas") dan balneae (dari bahasa Yunani βαλανεῖον balaneion) adalah fasilitas untuk permandian. Thermae biasanya merujuk kepada kompleks permandian kekaisaran besar, sementara balneae merupakan fasilitas berskala lebih kecil, baik umum atau pribadi, yang terdapat pada sejumlah besar wilayah Romawi.^[1]

Sebagian besar kota setidaknya memiliki satu bangunan semacam itu, jika bukan beberapa, yang tak hanya digunakan untuk permandian, namun juga bersosialisasi. Rumah-rumah permandian Romawi juga tersedia pada vila-vila pribadi, rumah-rumah kota, dan benteng-benteng. Permandian tersebut menyuplai air dari sungai atau sebuah aliran, atau yang lebih umum, dari sebuah akuaduk. Air dihangatkan dengan pemanas yang terhubung ke dalam kamar-kamar permandian. Rancangan-rancangan permandian didiskusikan oleh Vitruvius dalam De Architectura.

Referensi dan sumber

Referensi

^ Harry B. Evans, Water Distribution in Ancient Rome (University of Michigan Press, 1994, 1997), pp. 9–10 online.

Sumber

Artikel ini memasukkan teks dari sebuah publikasi yang sekarang dalam domain publik: Anthony Rich (1890). "Balneae". Dalam Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (edisi ke-3rd). London: John Murray. hlm. 183 et seq.
Artikel ini memasukkan teks dari sebuah publikasi yang sekarang dalam domain publik: Peck, Harry Thurston, ed. (1898). "Balneae". Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Aaland, Mikkel (May 15, 1998). "Mass Bathing: The Roman BaInea and Thermae". Cyber-Bohemia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-26. Diakses tanggal August 2, 2006.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Roman thermae.

William Smith Roman Baths (Balneae) from "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities", pub. John Murray, London, 1875.
ThermeMuseum (Museum of the Thermae) in Heerlen Diarsipkan 2008-03-16 di Wayback Machine.
Traianus Diarsipkan 2008-05-28 di Wayback Machine. – Technical investigation of Roman public works
Roman Bath: a day at the baths An interactive site using the Baths of Caracalla as an example
Barbara F. McManus Roman baths and bathing
3d reconstruction of a Roman baths Limes in Austria Diarsipkan 2011-05-31 di Wayback Machine.
Roman Baths of Weissenburg Digital Media Archive Diarsipkan 2011-12-02 di Wayback Machine. (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas) with data from a City of Weissenburg/CyArk research partnership
The so-called Victorian Turkish bath was actually a 19th-century version of the Roman bath, and was much closer to it than it was to the Islamic hammam (which is far more humid).
"The Roman Baths and Solar Heating". solarhousehistory.com.

Topik Romawi Kuno

Masa

Pendirian Kerajaan (Penggulingan) Republik
Kekaisaran	(Pax Romana Principatus Dominatus) Kekaisaran Barat (kejatuhan) Kekaisaran Timur (Bizantium) (kemunduran kejatuhan)

Konstitusi

Pemerintahan

Magistratus

Biasa	Tribunus Quaestor Aedile Pretor Konsul Sensor Promagistratus Gubernur
Luar biasa	Diktator Magister Equitum Desemviri Tribun Konsuler Triumvir Rex Interrex

Kota besar

Daftar dan topik
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