Syamsuddin al-Khalili

Tabel yang disusun oleh Al-Khalili menunjukkan arah kiblat dari berbagai bujur dan lintang.

Syamsuddin al-Khalili atau lengkapnya Syamsuddin Abu Abdullah Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Khalili (bahasa Arab: شمس الدين عبد الله محمد بن محمد الخليلي ; 1320–1380) adalah seorang astronom asal Suriah pada era Kesultanan Mamluk yang menyusun tabel untuk penggunaan astronomi. Sebagian besar hidupnya ia curahkan sebagai pengatur waktu salat (muwaqqit) di Masjid Umayyah, Damaskus.[1] Sedikit yang diketahui tentang kehidupannya.

Al-Khalili dikenal karena membuat dua set tabel matematika, keduanya berjumlah sekitar 30.000 entri. Dia menabulasikan semua entri yang dibuat oleh astronom Muslim Mesir Ibnu Yunus yang terkenal, kecuali entri yang dibuat al-Khalili sendiri untuk kota Damaskus. Dia menghitung 13.000 entri ke dalam 'Tabel Universal' nya dari fungsi bantu yang berbeda sehingga memungkinkannya untuk menghasilkan solusi dari masalah standar yaitu astronomi bola untuk setiap lintang tertentu. Selain itu, ia membuat tabel berisi 3.000 entri yang menunjukkan arah kota Mekah (Kiblat) untuk semua lintang dan bujur dari semua negara Muslim pada abad ke-14.[2] Pengetahuan tentang arah kiblat sangat penting dalam Islam karena umat Islam salat ke arah Mekah. Nilai-nilai yang ada dalam tabel al-Khalili telah dipastikan akurat hingga tiga atau empat digit desimal yang signifikan. Sampai saat ini, tidak diketahui secara pasti bagaimana cara al-Khalili menghitung setiap entri-nya.[3]

Referensi

  1. ^ King, David A. (1975). "Al-Khalili's qibla table", Journal of Near-Eastern Studies 34(2), pp. 81-122.
  2. ^ King, David A. (1973). "Al-Khalili's auxiliary tables for solving problems of spherical astronomy", Journal for the History of Astronomy 4(2), pp. 99-110.
  3. ^ G Van Brummelen (1991). "The numerical structure of al-Khalili's auxiliary tables", Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza (N.S.) 28(3), pp. 667-697.

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