Seres (mitologi)

Patung Seres yang sedang duduk dari Emerita Augusta, pada masa kini merupakan Mérida, Spanyol. Koleksi Museum Seni Romawi Nasional (National Museum of Roman Art), abad pertama Masehi.

Dalam agama Romawi Kuno, Seres (bahasa Latin: Cerēs) adalah dewi pertanian, serealia (padi, gandum, dsb), kesuburan, dan hubungan keibuan.[1] Ia sebenarnya merupakan dewi utama bagi plebeian atau Aventine Triad Roma, kemudian dipasangkan dengan putrinya Proserpina yang disebut oleh orang Romawi sebagai "ritus Yunani Seres". Festival tujuh hari baginya selama bulan April yang disebut Serealia juga menyertakan Ludi Ceriales (permainan Seres) yang populer. Ia juga dihormati pada lustrasio bulan Mei di festival Ambarvalia, pada masa panen, dan selama ritual pernikahan dan pemakaman.

Seres adalah satu-satunya dewi pertanian yang diikutsertakan ke dalam Di Consentes–padanan Romawi untuk 12 Dewa Olimpus dalam mitologi Yunani–dari sekian banyaknya dewa-dewi pertanian Romawi. Bangsa Romawi memandangnya sebagai rekan bagi dewi Yunani Demeter, yang mitologinya ditafsirkan kembali bagi Seres dalam seni Romawi dan sastra Latin.[1]

Etimologi dan asal

Salam alam! 1910, gaya neoklasik karya Cesare Saccaggi da Tortona, mewakili prosesi Romawi ke Ceres, dewi panen.
Salam alam! 1910, gaya neoklasik karya Cesare Saccaggi da Tortona, mewakili prosesi Romawi ke Ceres, dewi panen.

Nama cerēs mungkin berasal dari kata Proto-Indo-Eropa *ker, yang berarti "tumbuh", yang kemungkinan besar menjadi sumber bagi berbagai kata dalam bahasa Inggris, seperti create, cereal, grow, kernel, korn, dan increase. Etimolog Romawi berpendapat bahwa kata cerēs berasal dari verba Latin gerere, artinya "melahirkan, menghasilkan, membuat", karena sang dewi terkait dengan pastoral, pertanian, dan kesuburan manusia. Pemujaan kuno terhadap Seres ditunjukkan dengan jelas di antara negeri tetangga Romawi pada periode Regal, termasuk bangsa Latin Kuno, Oskan dan Sabel, dan kurang pasti pada bangsa Etruria dan Umbria. Prasasti Faliski Kuno dari masa sekitar 600 SM meminta Seres untuk menyediakan far (spelta), yang merupakan makanan pokok bagi penduduk Mediterania Kuno. Sepanjang era Romawi, nama Seres dipadankan dengan gandum, dan lebih lanjut lagi, juga termasuk roti.[2]

Referensi

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Seres.
  1. ^ a b Room, Adrian, Who's Who in Classical Mythology, p. 89-90. NTC Publishing 1990. ISBN 0-8442-5469-X.
  2. ^ Spaeth, 1990, pp. 1, 33, 182. See also Spaeth, 1996, pp. 1–4, 33–34, 37. Spaeth disputes the identification of Ceres with warlike, protective Umbrian deities named on the Iguvine Tablets, and Gantz' identification of Ceres as one of six figures shown on a terracotta plaque at Etruscan Murlo (Poggio Civitate).

Bibliografi

  • Benko, Stephen, The virgin goddess: studies in the pagan and Christian roots of mariology, BRILL, 2004.
  • Room, Adrian, Who's Who in Classical Mythology, p. 89-90. NTC Publishing 1990. ISBN 0-8442-5469-X.
  • Scheid, John, "Graeco Ritu: A Typically Roman Way of Honoring the Gods," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 97, Greece in Rome: Influence, Integration, Resistance, 1995, pp. 15–31.
  • Schultz, Celia E., Women's Religious Activity in the Roman Republic (Studies in the History of Greece and Rome), University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
  • Spaeth, Barbette Stanley, "The Goddess Ceres and the Death of Tiberius Gracchus", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1990.
  • Spaeth, Barbette Stanley, The Roman goddess Ceres, University of Texas Press, 1996. ISBN 0-292-77693-4.
  • Staples, Ariadne, From Good Goddess to vestal virgins: sex and category in Roman religion, Routledge, 1998.
  • Wiseman, T.P., Remus: a Roman myth, Cambridge University Press, 1995
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