Obake

Dalam cerita rakyat "Omoitsuzura", obake berleher panjang keluar dari dalam keranjang. Lukisan ukiyo-e karya Tsukioka Yoshitoshi.

Obake (お化け) atau bakemono (化け物) adalah sejenis yōkai dalam cerita rakyat Jepang. Arti harfiah dari kata obake adalah sesuatu yang sangat besar atau sesuatu yang bentuknya aneh.

Istilah bakemono sering diterjemahkan dalam kamus sebagai hantu atau setan, namun istilah ini umumnya dipakai untuk makhluk hidup atau makhluk supranatural yang dapat melakukan transformasi untuk sementara. Oleh karena itu, bakemono berbeda dari arwah orang mati.[1] Meskipun demikian, istilah obake juga sinonim dengan yūrei atau hantu dari arwah orang yang telah meninggal dunia.[2]

Bentuk sebenarnya bakemono dapat berupa hewan seperti rubah (kitsune), anjing rakun (tanuki), musang (mujina), kucing yang dapat mengubah bentuk (bakeneko), arwah tumbuh-tumbuhan kodama, atau benda mati yang dipercaya memiliki arwah dalam kepercayaan Shinto dan tradisi animisme lainnya. Obake yang berasal dari perabot rumah tangga disebut tsukumogami.

Bakemono biasanya menyamar sebagai manusia atau muncul sebagai bentuk yang aneh atau menakutkan, seperti halnya seorang hitotsume-kozō, ōnyūdō, atau makhluk berwajah datar tanpa mata, hidung, dan mulut (noppera-bō). Semua penampakan yang menakutkan umumnya dapat disebut bakemono atau obake, tanpa memandang apakah subjek tersebut dapat berubah menjadi bentuk lain atau tidak. Oleh karena itu, bakemono secara garis besar sering disamakan dengan yōkai.[3]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Mayer p. 89
  2. ^ Daijirin and Daijisen definitions of obake.
  3. ^ Definisi kamus Daijirin dan Daijisen.

Referensi

  • Mayer, Fanny Hagin (1974). "Religious Concepts in the Japanese Folktale" (PDF). Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 1 (1): 73–101. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2007-09-30. Diakses tanggal 2006-01-01. 
  • Grant, Glen (1994). Obake: Ghost Stories in Hawaii. Honolulu: Mutual Pub Co. ISBN 1-5664-7320-9. 

Definisi dari dua kamus utama bahasa Jepang:

  • "Daijisen: Bakemono". Yahoo Japan Jisho (dalam bahasa Japanese). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-12. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-01. 
  • "Daijirin: Bakemono". Yahoo Japan Jisho (dalam bahasa bahasa Jepang). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-11. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-01. 
  • "Daijisen: Obake". Yahoo Japan Jisho (dalam bahasa bahasa Jepang). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-11. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-01. 
  • "Daijirin: Obake". Yahoo Japan Jisho (dalam bahasa bahasa Jepang). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-11. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-01. 

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