Murciai nyelvjárás

A murciai nyelvjárás vagy panocho (dialecto murciano, panocho) a spanyolországi Murcia autonóm közösség – a történelmi Murciai Királyság – területén beszélt spanyol nyelvjárás. Nyelvészetileg átmenetet képez a kasztíliai délspanyol, az aragóniai dialektus, valamint a katalán nyelv között, erős arab és mozarab hatástól érintve. Történetileg önálló újlatin nyelvjárásnak számított, azonban 1305-ben a Murciai Királyság Kasztíliával történő egyesülése után egyre inkább kasztíliai spanyol hatás érte, így a szakemberek ma már a kasztíliai spanyol déli nyelvjárásának tekintik. Hangtanilag leginkább az andalúz nyelvjárással mutat közös vonásokat. A nyelvjárást és használóit szociolingvisztikailag sokáig negatív megítélésben részesítették.

Főbb jellemzők

A murciai nyelvjárások főbb közös fonetikai–fonológiai sajátosságai az alábbiak:

  • Yeísmo: az ll /ʎ/ és az y /ʝ/ mássalhangzók nem megkülönböztető ejtése.
  • Falusi területeken előfordul – katalán hatásra – a szókezdő l- palatalizált ejtése: lengua → llingua ’nyelv’.
  • A szótagvégi -s hehezetként valósul meg vagy kiesik (mint általában a délspanyol nyelvjárásokban), különösképpen a b, c, d, f, g, p mássalhangzók előtt.
  • A magánhangzók közötti és a szóvégi -d kiesése: vestido → vestío ’öltözet’, cantidad → cantidá ’mennyiség’; magánhangzó és r között kiesik vagy félhangzóvá alakul: padre → pare vagy paere/paire ’apa’.
  • A mássalhangzó előtti l és r felcserélése: soldado → sordao ’katona’, cuerpo → cuelpo ’test’, falda → farda ’szoknya’.
  • A szóközi mássalhangzók laza ejtése.
  • A part mentén előfordul a seseo.
  • Az a, e, o magánhangzók két nyíltsági fokkal jelennek meg a szó(tag)végi -s elvesztése miatt.

A szókincs sok arab, katalán és aragóniai elemet tartalmaz.

Források

  • Manual de dialectología hispánica. El Español de España. Manuel Alvar (Director). 4. kiad. Barcelona: Ariel Lingüística. 1996–2007. ISBN 978-84-344-8217-3   (MURCIANO, José Muñoz Garrigós, Universidad de Murcia, pp. 317–324)
  • Francisco Gómez Ortín: 'El dialecto murciano y sus variedades' (PDF). Universidad de Murcia. (Hozzáférés: 2009. május 22.)

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