פסווליס

פסווליס
Pasvalys
סמל פסווליס
סמל פסווליס
סמל פסווליס
דגל פסווליס
דגל פסווליס
דגל פסווליס
מדינה ליטאליטא ליטא
מחוז פוניבז'
מחוז משנה פסווליס
שטח 7.22 קמ"ר
גובה 55 מטרים
אוכלוסייה
 ‑ בעיירה 6,411 (1 בינואר 2023)
קואורדינטות 56°3′N 24°24′E / 56.050°N 24.400°E / 56.050; 24.400
https://www.pasvalys.lt

פסווליסליטאית: ‏Pasvalys‏; בפולנית: Poswol, פוסבול; ביידיש: פּאָסװאָל) היא בירת מחוז המשנה פסווליס במחוז פוניבז' בצפון ליטא. בעיירה, השוכנת על גדת נהר סבאליה (Svalia), התקיימה עד השואה קהילה יהודית גדולה.

תולדות היישוב

פסווליס נזכרת לראשונה במאה ה-13, ובשנת 1494 נבנתה בה כנסיית עץ. בשנת 1546 הוענקו ליישוב זכויות עיר.

יהודי פסווליס

בתחילת המאה ה-20 נמנו בעיירה 1,590 יהודים. בין מלחמות העולם פעלו בעיירה בית ספר עברי ותנועות נוער ציוניות. עם סיפוח ליטא לברית המועצות בקיץ 1940 נאסרה בה הפעילות היהודית הציבורית, והוחרם מיהודיה רכוש פרטי רב.

ב-26 ביוני 1941, במהלך מבצע ברברוסה, נכבשה העיירה בידי הגרמנים, ואלו העניקו את השליטה בה לידי הליטאים. אלו בתורם שדדו ורצחו עד מהרה מספר יהודים שניסו להימלט מהעיירה. בתחילת יולי 1941 רצחו הליטאים כ-20 יהודים נוספים מהעיירה ליד הכפר קוז'י, לאחר שעצרו כ-150 יהודים.

באמצע יולי 1941 רוכזו יהודי העיירה בגטו שהוקם בה, אליו הובאו גם יהודי כפרי הסביבה. יושבי הגטו סבלו ממעשי התעללות קשים מצד שומריהם הליטאים. ב-26 באוגוסט 1941 הובילו הליטאים את יהודי הגטו שבעיירה לחורשת ז'דיק (Žadeikiai) הסמוכה, ושם רצחו את כולם בבורות ירי, תוך קבורת חלקם בחיים. בשעת הרצח ניסו חלק מהיהודים להיאבק עם השוטרים ולהימלט, אך נורו מיד.

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא פסווליס בוויקישיתוף


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