Miji da matar, 1951<i id="mwDQ"></i>aure na Budurwa, zane na zamanin Renaissance wanda ke nuna aure
Spouse wani muhimmin abu ne a cikin aure.[1] Ana iya amfani da kalmar 'ma'aurata' ne kawai lokacin da ma'aurata suka yi aure bisa doka ko ta doka. Ana kiran matarsa namijin miji yayin da matar mace ake kira matar.
Yin aure
Matsayin doka na abokin aure, da takamaiman hakkoki da wajibai da ke da alaƙa da wannan matsayi, [2] sun bambanta sosai tsakanin ikon duniya. Wadannan ka'idoji galibi ana bayyana su a cikin dokokin doka ta iyali. Koyaya, a sassa da yawa na duniya, inda auren farar hula ba ya yaduwa, a maimakon haka akwai auren al'ada, wanda yawanci al'umma ke tsarawa ba bisa ka'ida ba. A sassa da yawa na duniya, haƙƙin aure da wajibai suna da alaƙa da biyan kuɗin amarya, dower" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dowry">sadaki ko sadaki. A tarihi, al'ummomi da yawa sun ba da dama da wajibai ga abokan auren maza waɗanda suka bambanta da haƙƙoƙi da wajibai da aka ba wa abokan auren mata. Musamman, kula da dukiyar aure, haƙƙin gado, da haƙƙin tsara ayyukan yaran aure, galibi ana ba su ga abokan aure maza. Koyaya, an rage wannan aikin zuwa abubuwa da yawa a ƙasashe da yawa a ƙarni na ashirin, kuma wasu dokoki na zamani suna bayyana haƙƙoƙi da ayyukan matar ba tare da ambaton jinsi ba.[3] Daga cikin kasashen Turai na ƙarshe da suka kafa cikakken daidaito tsakanin jinsi a cikin aure sune Switzerland. A shekara ta 1985, wata raba gardama ta tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin mata da maza a cikin aure. [4] Sabbin gyare-gyare sun fara aiki a watan Janairun 1988. Kodayake mata masu aure a Faransa sun sami damar yin aiki ba tare da izinin mazajensu ba a shekarar 1965, kuma an kawo karshen ikon uba na wani mutum a kan iyalinsa a shekarar 1970 (kafin nauyin iyaye ya kasance na mahaifin da ya yanke dukkan shawarwari na shari'a game da yara), a shekarar 1985 ne kawai aka soke dokar da ta yi watsi da ka'idar cewa mijin yana da ikon gudanar da dukiyar yara. [5][6] a cikin shekarun 1980s. A cikin dokoki daban-daban na aure a duniya, duk da haka, mijin yana ci gaba da samun iko; alal misali Dokar Jama'a ta Iran ta bayyana a Mataki na 1105: "A cikin dangantaka tsakanin miji da matar; matsayin shugaban iyali shine kawai haƙƙin mijin".[7]
Dangane da iko, ƙin ko rashin iyawar abokin aure don aiwatar da wajibai na aure na iya zama tushen kisan aure, rabuwa ta doka ko sokewa. Zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na ƙarshe sun fi yawa a ƙasashe inda addini mafi rinjaye shine Roman Katolika, wasu daga cikinsu sun gabatar da saki kwanan nan (watau Italiya a 1970, Portugal a 1975, Brazil a 1977, Spain a 1981, Argentina a 1987, [8]Paraguay a 1991, Colombia a 1991, Ireland a 1996, Chile a 2004 da Malta a 2011). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasashe da yawa na Yammacin Turai sun amince da kisan aure ba tare da kuskure ba. A wasu sassan duniya, rushewar aure ta al'ada tana da rikitarwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi da kayan da aka musayar tsakanin iyalai (wannan ya zama ruwan dare a inda Ana shirya aure). Wannan sau da yawa yana sa ya zama da wahala a bar aure, musamman ga mace: a wasu sassan Afirka, da zarar an biya farashin amarya, ana ganin matar ta kasance ta miji da iyalinsa; kuma idan tana so ta tafi, mijin na iya neman dawo da farashin amarya da ya biya wa dangin yarinyar. Iyalin yarinyar sau da yawa ba za su iya ko ba sa son biyan ta.[9][10]
Ba tare da la'akari da doka ba, dangantakar mutum tsakanin ma'aurata na iya rinjayar al'adu yankin da Addini.[11]
Mafi ƙarancin shekaru
Sau da yawa akwai mafi ƙarancin Shekarar aure na doka. Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana wadannan: [12]
"A shekara ta 2010, kasashe 158 sun ba da rahoton cewa shekaru 18 shine mafi ƙarancin shekarun doka don aure ga mata ba tare da yardar iyaye ba ko amincewa da wani iko mai dacewa. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe 146, doka ta jiha ko al'ada ta ba da damar 'yan mata da ba su kai shekara 18' su yi aure tare da yardwar iyaye ba; A cikin ƙasashe 52, 'yan mata a ƙarƙashin shekaru 15' na iya yin aure tare da izinin iyaye a cikin ƙasashen 180. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kasashe 105, yara maza na iya yin auren tare da yardaskiyar iyaye ba, kuma a cikin ƙasasa.
Haihuwar haihuwa
A kasashen Yamma, ma'aurata wani lokacin sukan zaɓi kada su haifi yara. A wasu sassan duniya, akwai tsammanin da yawa cewa ma'aurata masu jima'i za su haifa, kamar haka lamarin yake a arewacin Ghana. Misali, biyan amarya yana nuna bukatar mace ta haifi yara, kuma mata da ke amfani da hana haihuwa suna cikin haɗarin barazana da tilasta.[13]
Zaɓin
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da aka zaba matar, wanda ya bambanta a duk faɗin duniya, kuma ya haɗa da auren soyayya, auren da aka shirya, da auren tilasta. Wannan na ƙarshe a wasu yankuna aure ne mara amfani ko aure wanda ba za a iya soke shi ba. Tilasta wa wani ya yi aure kuma laifi ne a wasu ƙasashe.[14]
↑In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands’ permission to initiate judicial proceedings "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2014-08-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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