Rosetón

Rosetón da fachada do Mosteiro de Santa María da Armenteira de Meis.
Notre-Dame de París. Vista interior do rosetón.

Un rosetón é unha fiestra circular calada, dotada de vidreiras, cuxa trazaría disponse xeralmente de forma radial.

O rosetón utilizouse na arquitectura románica e con maior profusión na gótica. Inicialmente adoitaban ser de pequeno diámetro e dispúñase a modo de óculo nos laterais das naves. Pero a partir do século XIII os rosetóns foron aumentando en tamaño e en complexidade de decoración, ata chegar a incribles graos de filigrana pétrea. Pasaron a situarse nas fachadas, por encima das portadas, e en cada unha das frontes do transepto. As vidreiras decorábanse normalmente con escenas bíblicas en vivas cores.

Ao rosetón atribuíuselle un dobre simbolismo: un mariano, pola aparencia que ten da estrutura dunha rosa; outro que suxire a Cristo, como remedo dos raios do sol.

A súa misión tamén é dobre: por unha banda, a máis simple de iluminar o interior dos templos; por outro, o conseguir un ambiente misterioso ao incidir no altar os raios filtrados polas multicolores vidreiras cando os rosetones ábrense no imafronte da nave central.

Como un dos exemplos máis representativos dun rosetón adóitase citar a parella que adorna o transepto de Notre Dáme de París. En España existen magníficas e variadas mostras, por exemplo o maior do mundo, coñecido popularmente como o ollo do gótico na Catedral de Santa María de Palma de Mallorca ou tamén o da Catedral de Burgos entre tantos outros.

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