Lingua xudeoportuguesa

Xudeoportugués
Lingua xudeoportuguesa
Falado en: Alemaña Alemaña
Brasil
Inglaterra Inglaterra
Países Baixos Países Baixos
Estados Unidos de América Estados Unidos
Total de falantes: Pouco menos de 2.000, cun uso litúrxico.
Familia: Indoeuropea
 Románica
  Itálico
   Romance
    Romance occidental
     Galoibérica
      Iberorrománica
       Ibero-occidental
        Galego-portugués
         Xudeoportugués
Códigos de lingua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
Mapa
Status

O xudeoportugués é unha lingua morta, que era falada polos xudeus sefardís de Portugal.[1] Esa forma lingüística era vernacular dos xudeus de Portugal antes do século XVI e sobreviviu en moitas comunidades da diáspora dos Judeus da Nação Portuguesa. Os seus textos eran escritos no alfabeto hebreo ou latino.[2] Poderían terse escrito tamén en alxamía.[3]

En relación á lingua materna, o xudeoportugués garda grandes similitudes, o que fixo ser pronto asimilada cando o número de falantes xudeus escaseou na Península Ibérica. O seu léxico é composto basicamente polas palabras portuguesas, agregándose a este conxunto palabras prestadas do hebraico mais tamén do ladino.[4] Existe un pequeno testemuño desa variante lingüística na obra de Gil Vicente, o Auto da Barca do Inferno. Tamén foi influenciada pola lingua dos xudeus españois, o ladino, mais era distinta desa, xa que os xudeus lusos nunca foron expulsados do seu país, senón que foron forzados a conversión.

Moitos dos cristiáns novos continuaron a secretamente observar o xudaísmo e preservar a lingua até que inquisición se estabeleceu en Portugal en 1536, producindo unha onda migratoria dos conversos cara a Francia, Holanda, Inglaterra e Américas.

Por mor das súas semellanzas, o xudeoportugués morreu axiña en Portugal, mais sobreviviu na diáspora como lingua do día a día até comezos do século XIX. Tamén sobrevive en forma de substrato no papiamento.[5][6][7]

Extractos

* Xudeoportugués Portugués Galego Sefardí Hebreo
Arcaísmos Angora Agora Agora Agora Caet: כעת
Algũa Alguma Algunha Alguna Calxehu: כלשהי
Corõa Coroa Coroa Korona Tagá: תגא
Dous Dois Dous Dos Xtei: שתי
He É É Es -
Hũa Uma Unha Una Aghat: אחת
Persõa Pessoa Persoa Persona Benadam: בן־אדם
Hebraísmos Cadós Santo, sacro Santo, sacro Kadosh Cadox: קדוש
Jessibá Seminário judeu Seminario xudeu Seminario rabiniko Iexivá: ישיבה
Misvá Mandamento Mandamento Mitsvá Mitsvá: םצוה
Queilá Comunidade Comunidade Kehilá Kehilá: קהילה
Sabá Sábado Sábado Sabá, Sabbad Xabat: שבת
Sedacá Caridade Caridade Sedaká Tsedacá: צדקה
Tebá Púlpito Púlpito Tevá Tevá: תיבת
Ladino El-Dio El-Deus, O Deus O Deus El Dio Hashem: השם
Esnoga, Sinoga Sinagoga Sinagoga Esnoga Bet Cnéset: בית כנסת
Manim Mãos Mans Manos Iadaim: ידים

Notas

  1. "Significado de judeo-português". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 03 de marzo de 2016. Consultado o 09 de xullo de 2012. 
  2. Silva, Luiz Antônio da (org.) (2005). A língua que falamos: português, história, variação e discurso. Rio de Janeiro: Globo. p. 212. 
  3. Devon L. Strolovitch (2005). "Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência" (PDF) (en inglés). Consultado o 1 de xaneiro de 2015. 
  4. Karády, Viktor (2004). Central European University Press, ed. The Jews of Europe in the Modern Era: A Socio-historical Outline (en inglés). Budapest. p. 141. 
  5. "La fragmentación de fiducia en hispanorrománico" (PDF) (en castelán). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 01 de xaneiro de 2015. Consultado o 31 de decembro de 2014. 
  6. Jacobs, Bart (2012). Walter de Gruyter, ed. Origins of a Creole: The History of Papiamentu and Its African Ties (en inglés). 
  7. Campagnano, Anna Rosa (2007). Humanitas, ed. Judeus de Livorno: sua língua, memória e história (en portugués). São Paulo. pp. 159–161. 

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