Diálogo

O diálogo é un sistema de elocución que, nas obras literarias (novela, poesía e teatro), supón a ‘acción falada’ dos personaxes. As súas características son:

  • Intercambio verbal de informacións
  • Exploración dos roles ou funcións dos personaxes
  • Determinación das liñas argumentais
  • Determinación rítmica

Exemplos

  • Pénsese en Noite de trunfo, de Leandro Carré Alvarellos. Consiste nun coloquio matrimonial no cal se manifesta a miseria vital dun autor de teatro.

O diálogo como xénero literario

O diálogo conforma un xénero literario que comprende aquelas obras en que, empregando só a modalidade textual do diálogo, se finxe unha conversa ou hai unha controversia entre varias personaxes.

Proezas de Galicia (PDF).

Os exemplos máis antigos son de Sofrón de Siracusa (circa 430 a.C.), do que só fican algúns fragmentos. No século IV a.C. Platón escribiu os seus célebres Diálogos, que son debates filosóficos que empregan o método heurístico e dialéctico da pregunta e a resposta. Constitúen un dos exemplos superiores do diálogo. Aristóteles empregou esta forma para fins máis directamente didácticos. Os Diálogos dos mortos de Luciano (século II d.C.) seguían o modelo de Platón, mais usando o diálogo para fins cómicos e satíricos e como forma de entretemento (como o mesmo Platón fixera n'O Simposio).

O xénero reviviu durante o Renacemento, en que o empregaron Juan de Valdés (Diálogo de la lengua) e Torquato Tasso (uns 23), imitando a Platón. A Luciano imitáronno nos séculos XVII e XVIII Fontenelle (Novos diálogos dos mortos) e Fénelon (Diálogos dos mortos compostos para a educación dun príncipe).

Oscar Wilde fixo uso do xénero en O crítico como artista (1891), Bernard Shaw empregouno en O carro de mazás (1929 e Paul Valéry elevouno a un dos seus cumes n'A alma e a danza e en Eupalinos ou o Arquitecto (1923.

Na literatura galega, o diálogo foi unha manifestación literaria frecuente a comezos do século XIX, cando predominou a literatura de circunstancias inspirada en acontecementos políticos e sociais do momento como a guerra contra os invasores franceses napoleónicos ("gavachos"). Son textos propagandísticos en galego escritos na prensa diaria ou en follas soltas.

Exemplos

  • O romance O labrador que foi sarxento aos soldados do novo reximento...(1808) é unha chamada á mocidade a loitar na defensa da patria.
  • Proezas de Galicia de José Fernández Neira (1810) conta as batallas e peripecias nas que participou o autor mediante o diálogo dos personaxes Chinto e Mingote.

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