Crack (droga)

O crack é o nome vulgar dun derivado da cocaína. Son os refugallos resultantes de ferver clorhidrato de cocaína nunha solución de bicarbonato de sodio para que se evapore a auga. O crack converteuse nunha droga de abuso a mediados do decenio de 1980.

O termo crack é unha onomatopea que suxire o ruído que fan as pedras desta droga ó queceren pola ebulición da auga que conteñen. Tamén recibe outros nomes, como rocas, rochas, chulas, pedras, entre outros. Ás veces é confundido co bazuco ou o Paco, a costra que queda na ola onde se prepara a cocaína.

O crack, en po, é un estimulante altamente adictivo e poderoso. Produce euforia inmediata, custa pouco producilo e é facilmente accesible.

Produción

Elabórase disolvendo a cocaína en po nunha mestura de auga e amoníaco ou bicarbonato de sodio. Férvese a mestura ata que se forma unha substancia sólida a partir do líquido. Xa seca, pártese en anacos (pedras) que se venden como crack de cocaína.

Historia

Moitísimo antes do descubrimento do crack, nos Estados Unidos os indios das montañas de Santa Marta fumaban follas de coca moída con pedra calcárea.

  • En 1983 iniciáronse nas Bahamas os estudos psiquiátricos sobre as alteracións comportamentais dos usuarios do crack.
  • En 1983 un policía neoiorquino escoitou por primeira vez a palabra que lembra o estado da cocaína durante a fritura.
  • En 1986 apareceu por primeira vez no The New York Times e acendeuse a percepción social. Chegara ao mercado unha das drogas máis violentas.
  • En 1988 foi introducido no Brasil.
  • En 1994 gañou espazo entre as drogas máis consumidas.

Consumo

O crack fúmase nunha pipa de vidro con cinza de cigarro. Tamén nunha lata con buratos, nun goteiro de vidro ou nun cigarro como primo (tabaco mesturado coa cocaína) entre outros. Outro instrumento utilizado é un tubo metálico similar a unha antena de radio (en moitos casos é) ó que se lle introduce unha sorte de alambrina que se utiliza para fuma-lo crack simulando unha pipa. Este método utilízase principalmente por xente con moi poucos recursos, o que se coñece como "fumar en tubo".

Efectos e sintomatoloxía

Ó fumalo, o alcaloide chega máis rápido ó cerebro, en maiores cantidades e presentando un efecto sinérxico cos outros químicos que se usaron para a elaboración das rochas.

O crack pode producir os seguintes síntomas [Cómpre referencia]:

  • Diminución da potencia sexual.
  • Cefalea.
  • Hemorraxia cerebral.
  • Depresión.
  • Ansiedade.
  • Psicose similar a esquizofrenia.
  • Bipolaridade.
  • Paranoia.
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