Condutor eléctrico

Fío de cobre como condutor eléctrico.

Un material condutor é aquel que permite que a electricidade, a calor ou o son pasen por el. Un condutor eléctrico conduce a electricidade.[1] A capacidade de conducir electricidade chámase condutividade eléctrica. Un excelente condutor eléctrico ten alta condutividade e baixa resistividade. A resistividade eléctrica é o recíproco/oposto da condutividade.[2]

Materiais e condutividade eléctrica

Algúns materiais son semicondutores. Isto significa que a electricidade pode fluír a través deles até unha determinada temperatura e por debaixo desa os semicondutores[3] non pasan a electricidade.

Algúns materiais son resistencias. Isto significa que a electricidade non pasa facilmente por eles.

Un material que detén a corrente eléctrica chámase 'illante' ou 'illador'.[4] Os fíos están cubertos con materiais illantes como plástico para evitar que a electricidade saia do cable.

Algúns materiais cando están moi fríos son supercondutores, isto é que non ofrecen resistencia ao fluxo de electricidade. A resistencia da maioría dos condutores aumenta a temperaturas máis altas.

Exemplos de materiais condutores

Algúns dos condutores eléctricos destacados inclúen:

Os metais, como o ferro e o cobre, empréganse para fabricar fíos para transportar corrente eléctrica.[5] O plasma é un excelente condutor de electricidade e úsase para moitos propósitos, pero os metais son máis utilizados.

A auga impura (con materiais disoltos) tamén pode conducir a electricidade. Os tecidos vivos, como no corpo humano, son húmidos e, polo tanto, condutores da electricidade.

Notas

  1. ↑ "condutor". Dicionario da Real Academia Galega. Consultado o 2023-10-12. 
  2. ↑ , Sears, Zemanky, Young & Freedman (200): Física Universitaria con Física Moderna Arquivado 02 de abril de 2015 en Wayback Machine. 12ª ed. Volume 2, páxina 851.
  3. ↑ "What-is-a-Semiconductor?". electricalarea.com. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 08 de decembro de 2022. Consultado o 12 de outubro de 2023. 
  4. ↑ "illante". Dicionario da Real Academia Galega. Consultado o 2023-10-12. 
  5. ↑ "Tamanhos e resistências dos fios" (PDF). Standford.edu (en inglés e portugués). 

Véxase tamén

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