Virus de la diarrhée épidémique porcine

Classification
Domaine	Riboviria
Règne	Orthornavirae
Embranchement	Pisuviricota
Classe	Pisoniviricetes
Ordre	Nidovirales
Sous-ordre	Cornidovirineae
Famille	Coronaviridae
Sous-famille	Orthocoronavirinae
Genre	Coronavirus
Sous-genre	Alphacoronavirus

Le virus de la diarrhée épidémique porcine ou (virus de DEP ou VDEP, ou encore PED en anglais) est un coronavirus qui infecte les porcs, causant la diarrhée épidémique porcine, une maladie grave caractérisée par une diarrhée sévère qui induit une déshydratation. Le virus cible les cellules qui recouvrent l'intestin grêle du cochon. Les individus plus âgés perdent du poids après avoir été infectés mais survivent généralement, alors que les porcelets et nouveau-nés meurent généralement dans les cinq jours après avoir contracté le virus.

Ce virus n'est pas transmissible à l'humain et n'est donc pas un contaminant de l'alimentation humaine.

Histoire

Ce virus a été découvert en Europe, mais il est devenu de plus en plus problématique aux États-Unis (où il a été découvert le 5 mai 2013 dans l'Indiana^[1]) et en Asie en Corée, Chine, Japon, les Philippines et Thaïlande.
Le Canada est officiellement touché par le virus depuis l'hiver 2014.

En janvier 2014, un nouveau variant de ce virus (avec trois délétions, une insertion et plusieurs mutations dans la région S (spike) 1 ont été identifiées dans l'Ohio par le laboratoire de diagnostic de la maladie animale du département de l'agriculture de l'Ohio^[2].

Symptômes

Le virus résistant et contagieux engendre une diarrhée liquide (avec une mortalité pouvant atteindre 100% chez les porcelets non sevrés, le porc adulte y résistant mieux).

Enjeux économiques

En raison de son caractère mortel pour les porcelets il est source d'importantes pertes financières.

Un vaccin existe, mais qui pourrait n'être que partiellement protecteur^[3]. Les consommateurs sont susceptibles de ressentir les effets de la maladie virale sous la forme de prix plus élevés pour les produits de porc^[4].

Liens externes (anglophones)

New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, China, 2011, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
D^r Lisa Becton, U.S. National Pork Board, PEDV - Research Update, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
D^r Liz Wagstrom, U.S. National Pork Producers Council, PEDV - Next Steps, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
D^r Harry Snelson, American Association of Swine Veterinarians, PEDV - Lessons Learned, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Status List, from the U.S. National Pork Board
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Emergence in the US: Status Report, Diagnostics, & Observations D^r Rodger Main, Iowa State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, from the 2014 Iowa Pork Congress, January 22–23, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update D^r Darin Madson, Iowa State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, from the 2013 Swine Health Seminar, 16-18 août 2013
What’s at stake for Canada as pig virus spreads

Références

↑ Snelson, H. (2014). Comprehensive Discussion of PEDv, Slide 3, American Association of Swine Veterinarians presentation to the 2014 Pork Management Conference, June 19, 2014, http://www.slideshare.net/trufflemedia/dr-harry-snelson-pedv-lessons-learned
↑ Wang, L.; Byrum, B.; Zhang, Y. (2014). "New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (5): 917–9. DOI 10.3201/eid2005.140195. PMC 4012824 Freely accessible. PMID 24750580
↑ Song, D.; Park, B. (2012). "Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines". Virus Genes. 44 (2): 167–175. DOI 10.1007/s11262-012-0713-1. PMID 22270324.
↑ Enoch, D. (29 December 2013). "Deadly pig disease trims supplies, drives pork prices higher". Agri-Pulse. Consulté le 11 janvier 2014.

v · m

Coronaviridae (famille des coronavirus)

Alphaletovirus (en)

Milecovirus	microhylae

Alphacoronavirus

Amalacovirus	almalfi
Colacovirus	myotis
Decacovirus	australiense ferrumequini (en) hipposideri rousetti (en)
Duvinacovirus	chicagoense
Luchacovirus	ratti
Minacovirus	neovisontis
Minunacovirus	miniopteri (en) pusilli (en)
Myotacovirus	ricketti
Nyctacovirus	chalinolobi nyctali (en) pipistrelli (en) tylonycteridis
Pedacovirus	finnoniense gouldii porci scotophili (en)
Rhinacovirus	rhinolophi (en) SADS-CoV
Setracovirus	amsterdamense triaenopis
Soracovirus	soricis
Sunacovirus	sunci
Tegacovirus	suis CCoV FCoV TGEV

Betacoronavirus

Embecovirus	gravedinis BCoV HCoV-OC43 hongkongense muris RCV (en) myodae ratti
Hibecovirus	hipposideri
Merbecovirus	cameli MERS-CoV NeoCoV erinacei pipistrelli tylonycteridis
Nobecovirus	cororeum eidoli rousetti
Sarbecovirus	pandemicum 16BO133 (en) BANAL-52 RaTG13 RmYN02 SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 variants SHC014-CoV WIV1 WIV16

Deltacoronavirus

Andecovirus	marecae
Buldecovirus	gallinulae lonchurae pycnonoti suis zosteropis
Herdecovirus	nycticoracis

Gammacoronavirus

Brangacovirus	brantae
Cegacovirus	delphinapteri
Igacovirus	Gammacoronavirus anatis galli pulli (en)

Alphapironavirus

Samovirus	salmonis

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