Rhamnaceae

Rhamnacées

Rhamnaceae
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Colletia atrox
100.5–0 Ma
Cénomanien-présent.
Classification de Cronquist (1981)
Règne Plantae
Sous-règne Tracheobionta
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe Rosidae
Ordre Rhamnales

Famille

Rhamnaceae
Juss. (1789)

Classification APG III (2009)

"Représentation graphique de la classification phylogénétique"
Clade Angiospermes
Clade Dicotylédones vraies
Clade Rosidées
Clade Fabidées
Ordre Rosales
Famille Rhamnaceae

Les Rhamnaceae (Les Rhamnacées) sont une famille de plantes à fleurs dicotylédones de l'ordre des Rosales. Elle comprend près de 50 genres répartis en 900 espèces.

Ce sont des arbres, des arbustes, des lianes ou des plantes herbacées, souvent avec la fonction chlorophyllienne transférée aux tiges, certains adaptés aux zones arides, parfois épineux, des régions tempérées à tropicales. C'est une famille largement répandue.

Les rhamnacées sont présentes dans le monde entier, mais plus particulièrement dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales. Les plus anciens fossiles de rhamnacée datent de l'Éocène.

En France, c'est la famille du nerprun purgatif (Rhamnus catharticus) et de la bourdaine (Frangula alnus ou Rhamnus frangula).

Le jujubier (Ziziphus jujuba) donne des fruits comestibles les jujubes ou dattes de Chine. Il est cultivé dans les régions tempérées chaudes.

Étymologie

Le nom vient du genre type Rhamnos qui vient de ραμνος / ramnos, nom grec d'un arbuste à épines comme le nerprun épineux.

Liste des genres

Systématique

La phylogénétique moléculaire moderne recommande la classification suivante basée sur les clades des Rhamnaceae[4] :



 Elaeagnaceae (groupe externe)


Rhamnaceae

Ampeloziziphoids

Ventilago




Bathiorhamnus




Ampelozizyphus



Doerpfeldia





Rhamnoids

Maesopsis





Scutia




Rhamnus



Frangula






Sageretia




Berchemia





Rhamnidium



Rhamnella





Reynosia




Krugiodendron




Karwinskia



Condalia











Ziziphoids

Schistocarpeia






Hovenia




Ziziphus



Paliurus







Gouania



Helinus





Pleuranthodes




Crumenaria



Reissekia









Lasiodiscus



Colubrina





Emmenosperma



Phyliceae

Noltea




Trichocephalus




Nesiota



Phylica








Granitites



Alphitonia



Colletieae


Adolphia



Trevoa





Discaria



Kentrothamnus



Colletia



Retanilla






Ceanothus


Pomaderreae

Siegfriedia



Cryptandra




Stenanthemum




Trymalium




Pomaderris



Spyridium















Notes et références

  1. ↑ « Phylogenetic relationships within the cosmopolitan buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) support the resurrection of Sarcomphalus and the description of Pseudoziziphus », sur Taxon , Vol. 65, No. 1 (February 2016), Wiley
  2. ↑ (en) Référence FloraBase (Australie-Occidentale) : classification {{{1}}} (+ photos + répartition + description)
  3. ↑ « GRIN Genera of Rhamnaceae » [archive du ], sur Germplasm Resources Information Network, United (consulté le )
  4. ↑ Sun M, Naeem R, Su JX, Cao ZY, Burleigh JG, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chen ZD, « Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis », Journal of Systematics and Evolution, vol. 54, no 4,‎ , p. 363–391 (DOI 10.1111/jse.12211 Accès libre)

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