Odéon (Athènes)

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Odéon.

Odéon de Périclès
Rares vestiges de l'odéon au pied de l'acropole.
Présentation
Type
Civilisation
Style
Localisation
Localisation
Coordonnées
Carte

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Plan du site de l'acropole d'athènes – L'Odéon de Périclès est le numéro 19

L'odéon de Périclès (en grec moderne : Ωδείον του Περικλέους) est construit à Athènes en -443 près du théâtre de Dionysos. Il passe pour le premier monument d'un nouveau genre, l'odéon, destiné aux concours musicaux des Panathénées[1], mais il servit aussi de bouleutérion, lieu de réunion administrative, électorale ou judiciaire[2]. Les auteurs antiques évoquent un usage comme tribunal[3], centre de distribution de blé[4], salle de débats philosophiques[5],[6].

Histoire

L'odéon de Périclès est construit en -443 près du théâtre de Dionysos, selon une juxtaposition du théâtre et de l'odéon qui devint une association classique, répétée dans les villes de l'Empire romain qui s'équipèrent d'un odéon[7].

Incendié par Aristion au cours du siège d'Athènes par Sylla en -86, il fut reconstruit par le roi de Cappadoce Ariobarzane[8],[9]. Une inscription précise les noms des architectes de la reconstruction, Caius et Marcus Stallius, et Melanippus[10],[11].

Il est de nouveau détruit en 267[12] lors d'un raid des Goths sur les Balkans.

Description

Le bâtiment initial avait un plan rectangulaire, de 62,40 × 68,60 m, et un toit pyramidal selon Plutarque, soutenu par neuf rangées de colonnes, dont les bases retrouvées sur le côté sud étaient espacées de 5 à 6 mètres. Le soutien de la couverture par une série de colonnes le fit comparer à une gigantesque tente. Il est possible que la partie centrale soit restée découverte[12].

Il tirait vanité d'un toit en bois de cèdre absolument admirable[réf. nécessaire].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Plutarque, Vie de Périclès, 13
  2. ↑ Gros 2002, p. 308
  3. ↑ Aristophane, Les Guêpes, 1109
  4. ↑ Démosthène, 34, 37
  5. ↑ Diogène Laërce, 7, 184.
  6. ↑ Sear 2006, p. 39
  7. ↑ Sear 2006, p. 37
  8. ↑ Vitruve, De architectura, V, 9, 1
  9. ↑ Sear 2006, p. 12
  10. ↑ IG II², 3426–7.
  11. ↑ Sear 2006, p. 25
  12. ↑ a et b Sear 2006, p. 390

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

Liens externes

v · m
Bâtiments conservés
Bâtiments disparus
Structures à la base de l'Acropole
Personnages
Destruction
Musées et fouilles

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