List of reptiles of Northern America

This is a checklist of American reptiles found in Northern America, based primarily on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR).[1][2][3] It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States including recently introduced species such as chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4]

* alien species

IUCN conservation statusesExtinctionExtinctionExtinct in the wildCritically EndangeredEndangered speciesVulnerable speciesNear ThreatenedThreatened speciesLeast ConcernLeast Concern

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

  • EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
  • CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
  • NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
  • DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
  • (v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[5])

and Endangered Species Act:

  • E – endangered, T – threatened
  • XN, XE – experimental non-essential or essential population
  • E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
  • (the data is current as of March 28, 2014[6])

Order: Crocodilia

American alligator
(Alligator mississippiensis)

Family: Alligatoridae

Alligators

Family: Crocodylidae

Subfamily: Crocodylinae

Crocodiles

Order: Testudines (turtles)

Suborder: Pleurodira

Family: Podocnemididae (side-necked turtles)

Suborder: Cryptodira

Family: Testudinidae (tortoises)

Mohave Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Gopher tortoises

Typical tortoises

Family: Emydidae

Subfamily: Emydinae

Pond turtles

Blanding's turtle

Box turtles

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

Black-knobbed map turtle
(Graptemys nigrinoda) hatchlings

Sliders

Painted turtles

Chicken turtles

Map turtles

Diamond-backed terrapin

Redbelly turtles and cooters

Family: Cheloniidae

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Family: Dermochelyidae

  • Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) VU E
    (East Pacific Ocean subpopulation – i.e. Hawaiian Is.: CR, West Pacific Ocean subpopulation: CR, Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: EN)

Family: Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

Alligator snapping turtles

Family: Kinosternidae

Mud turtles

Musk turtles

Spiny softshell (Apalone spinifera)

Giant musk turtles

Family: Trionychidae (softshells)

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles)

Suborder: Iguania

Family: Agamidae (agamas)

Subfamily: Agaminae

Subfamily: Leiolepidinae

Family: Chamaeleonidae (chameleons)

Subfamily: Chamaeleoninae

Family: Crotaphytidae (collared and leopard lizards)

Eastern collared lizard
(Crotaphytus collaris)

Collared lizards

Leopard lizards

Family: Iguanidae (iguanas)

Common chuckwalla (Sauromalus ater)

Chuckwallas

Family: Phrynosomatidae

Zebratail lizards

Greater earless lizards

Lesser earless lizards

Banded rock lizards

Horned lizards

Desert horned lizard
(Phrynosoma platyrhinos)

Spiny lizards

Fringe-toed lizards

Tree and brush lizards

Side-blotched lizards

Family: Dactyloidae (anoles)

Green anole (Anolis carolinensis)

Anoles

Family: Polychrotidae

Family: Corytophanidae (casquehead lizards)

Family: Leiocephalidae (curly-tailed lizards)

Suborder: Gekkota

Family: Gekkonidae (geckos)

Subfamily: Gekkoninae

Texas banded gecko
(Coleonyx brevis)

Subfamily: Eublepharinae

Banded geckos

Suborder: Autarchoglossa

Family: Lacertidae (wall or true lizards)

Subfamily: Lacertinae

Family: Scincidae (skinks)

Subfamily: Scincinae

Subfamily: Lygosominae

Family: Anguidae

Eastern glass lizard
(Ophisaurus ventralis)

Subfamily: Anguinae

Glass lizards

Subfamily: Gerrhonotinae

Western alligator lizards

Eastern alligator lizards

Family: Anniellidae (American legless lizards)

California legless lizards

Family: Helodermatidae (Gila monsters)

Gila monster at the Bristol Zoo

Family: Teiidae (tegus or whiptails)

Family: Xantusiidae (night lizards)

Family: Varanidae (monitor lizards)

Florida wormlizard (Rhineura floridana)

Suborder: Amphisbaenia

Family: Rhineuridae (North American worm lizards)

Worm lizards

Suborder: Serpentes

Family: Typhlopidae (blind snakes)

Family: Boidae (boas)

Subfamily: Erycinae

Rubber and rosy boas

Blind snakes

Subfamily: Boinae

Boas

Family: Colubridae (colubrids)

Subfamily: Colubrinae

Racers

Whipsnakes

Desert rat snakes

Rat snakes and fox snakes

Eastern ratsnake
(Pantherophis alleghaniensis)

Glossy snakes

Glossy snake (Arizona elegans)

Scarlet snakes

Sand snakes

Ground snake

Shovel-nosed snakes

Indigo snakes

Speckled racers

Mexican hognose snakes

Plateau hooknose snakes

Night snakes

Short-tailed snake

Kingsnakes

Rough green snake

Rough greensnake (Opheodrys aestivus)

Smooth green snake

Neotropical vine snakes

Leaf-nosed snakes

Bull, gopher, and pine snakes

Pine wood snake

Long-nosed snake

Patch-nosed snakes

Mountain ratsnake

Black-headed, flat-headed, and crowned snakes

Lyre snakes

Subfamily: Natricinae

Shovel-nosed snakes

Water snakes

Saltmarsh watersnake (Nerodia clarkii)

Crayfish snakes

Swampsnakes

Brown snakes

Garter snakes

Lined snake

Earth snakes

Subfamily: Dipsadinae

Sharp-tailed snakes

Night snakes

Cat-eyed snakes

Subfamily: Xenodontinae

Worm snakes

Black-striped snake

Ringneck snake

Mud snake and rainbow snake

Hog-nosed snakes

Family: Viperidae

Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
camouflaged in dead leaves
Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)
Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)
Texas threadsnake (Rena dulcis)

Subfamily: Crotalinae

Copperhead and cottonmouth

Rattlesnakes

Pigmy rattlesnakes

Family: Elapidae

Western coral snake

Eastern coral snake

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae

Pelagic sea snake

Family: Leptotyphlopidae (slender blind snakes)

Blind snakes

Family: Acrochordidae (file snakes)

Family: Pythonidae (pythons)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Species not listed by SSAR[3]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Subspecies elevated to full species rank[3]
  4. ^ a b c d e Species not listed in the SSAR North American Species Names Database.[9]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Species not recognized by SSAR[3]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Subspecies[3] elevated to full species rank
  7. ^ a b Subspecies elevated to full species rank[7]
  8. ^ Additional native status is an unresolved issue[3]
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Unisexual[3]
  10. ^ a b c Subspecies elevated to full species rank[2]
  11. ^ A. exsanguis × A. inornata, generated in the laboratory, not known to occur in the wild[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Brian I. Crother; et al. (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Brian I. Crother; et al. (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Brian I. Crother; et al. (September 2017). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. pp. 1–102. ISBN 978-1-946681-00-3. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  4. ^ "Search Results: Reptilia North America 2014-12-13". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 <www.iucnredlist.org>. IUCN. 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. Search terms Search by taxonomy: Reptilia, Search by location: Canada, United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements: [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation. Downloaded on 12 December 2014
  5. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
  6. ^ "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Hošek, J., eds. (2020). "The Reptile Database". Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e Uetz, P.; Freed, P; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Hošek, J., eds. (2023). "The Reptile Database". Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  9. ^ "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  10. ^ Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Hošek, J., eds. (2017). "The Reptile Database". Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Montanucci, Richard R. (September 11, 2015). "A taxonomic revision of the Phrynosoma douglasii species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4015. Magnolia Press: 1–177. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4015.1.1. PMID 26624023. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  12. ^ Hollingsworth, B.; Frost, D.R. & Hammerson, G.A. (2007). "Sceloporus vandenburgianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T64158A12750040. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64158A12750040.en. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Christian L. Cox; Alison R. Davis Rabosky; Iris A. Holmes; Jacobo Reyes-Velasco; Corey E. Roelke; Eric N. Smith; Oscar Flores-Villela; Jimmy A. McGuire; Jonathan A. Campbell (11 April 2018). "Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini". Journal of Natural History. 52 (13–16): 945–988. doi:10.1080/00222933.2018.1449912. S2CID 89840792. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  14. ^ Stuart, B.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Thy, N.; Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T.; Iskandar, D.; Golynsky, E. & Lau, M.W.N. (2012). "Python bivittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T193451A2237271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T193451A2237271.en.

Further reading

Reptilia endangered species