Naiman (dialecte)

Naiman
ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ
Pays Chine
Région Mongolie-Intérieure
Nombre de locuteurs 100 000[1]
Classification par famille
Codes de langue
IETF mvf[2]
ISO 639-3 mvf [2]
modifier 

Le naiman (en mongol ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ naiman aman ayalγu) est un dialecte mongol parlé dans la bannière de Naiman située en Mongolie-Intérieure, en Chine.

Phonétique historique

Les tableaux montrent les particularités du naiman par rapport au mongol khalkha et au mongol littéraire[3].

Ce dialecte présente des différences phonétiques par rapport au khalkha de Mongolie. Il possède les affriquées palatales [t͡ʃ] et [d͡ʒ] contrairement au mongol qui a [t͡s] et [d͡z]. Les sourdes [t] et [tʃ] deviennent sonores en début de mot quand la consonne de la syllabe suivante est [s], [x], [ʃ], [t] ou [tʃ].

naiman mongol mongol littéraire français
ʤɑs tsas ᠴᠠᠰᠤ času neige
gɔt xot ᠬᠣᠳᠠ qota ville

La liquide [l], dans certains environnements, est issue de [n] :

dɑmləx damnax ᠳᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ damnaqu amener le désordre
lɛbʧ nawʧʲ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ nabči feuille

Les voyelles peuvent être palatalisées :

ʃɛr ʃar ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ sira jaune
xɛʤɛːr xaʣaːr ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ qajaγar bride
xœmœːl xomoːl ᠬᠣᠮᠣᠯ qomol crottin

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Estimation de Svantesson et Al., 2005, p .143.
  2. ↑ a et b Code générique.
  3. ↑ Exemples, en notation API, tirés de Sechen 2000, pp. 9-14.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (mvf) W. Sečen , Baγarin, Aru Qorčin, Naiman-u Abiyan-u Qaričaγulul, Mongγol Kele Utq-a Jokiyal, 2000:2, p. 9-14.
  • (mvf) Sengge, Naiman nutaγ-un yariyan-u toqai dolimaγ ajiγlalta, Mongγol Kele Bičig 2009:12, p. 6-12.
  • (mvf) Mönggöngerel, 1998, Naiman aman ayalγu, Kökeqota, Öbör mongγol-un yike surγaγuli-yin keblel-ün qoriy-a.
  • (en) Jan-Olof Svantesson, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivian Franzén, 2005, The Phonology of Mongolian, The Phonology of the World's Languages, Oxford, Oxford University Press (2008) (ISBN 978-0-19-955427-0)

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